Islam

The U.S. Muslim population has grown in the decades since 9/11, but views toward them have become increasingly polarized along political lines.

Women continue to be less involved than men in mosque life in the U.S., but the pattern appears to be changing.

Among India’s six largest religious groups, some are much more likely than others to abstain from eating meat.

Our new survey of 29,999 Indian adults takes a closer look at religious identity, nationalism and tolerance in Indian society.

Indians see religious tolerance as a central part of who they are as a nation. Across the major religious groups, most people say it is very important to respect all religions to be “truly Indian.”

Women in 56 countries experienced social hostilities due to clothing that was deemed to violate religious or secular dress norms.

In some countries – particularly in a segment of West and Central Africa – polygamy is frequently legal and widespread.

In 2018, the global median level of government restrictions on religion – that is, laws, policies and actions by officials that impinge on religious beliefs and practices – continued to climb, reaching an all-time high since Pew Research Center began tracking these trends in 2007.

Over the centuries, the relationship between science and religion has ranged from conflict and hostility to harmony and collaboration, while various thinkers have argued that the two concepts are inherently at odds and entirely separate.

A median of 45% across 34 surveyed countries say it is necessary to believe in God to be moral and have good values. However, public opinion on this question, as well as the role of God, prayer and religion varies by country, region and economic development.