Strong link between parents’ gender, race, educational background and reading aloud to young children

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Parenting in America

Parents’ view of their neighborhood differs sharply by income

More concern about violence, teenage pregnancy among lower-income parents

For U.S. kids, strong link between parents’ marital status and likelihood of living in poverty

Millennial moms give themselves high marks

Most parents want others to see them as good parents

A gender gap in parenting styles

Most college graduates say too much parental involvement in a child’s education can be a bad thing

Kids of higher-income parents are more likely to be in extracurricular activities

Use of spanking differs across racial and education groups

Key differences in parental concerns across racial lines

For children, growing diversity in family living arrangements

The two-parent household in decline

Black children and those with less educated parents less likely to be living in two-parent households

One-in-six kids is living in a blended family

Among women, fertility is declining

Among Hispanics and the less educated, bigger families

The decoupling of marriage and childbearing

For the less educated, more births outside of marriage

Among mothers, rising labor force participation

In four-in-ten families, mom is the primary breadwinner

Parents’ view of their neighborhood differs sharply by income, race

Meeting basic expenses much more challenging for single parents

Parents who live comfortably give themselves higher ratings for parenting

Millennial moms give themselves high marks for parenting

About 9-in-10 parents say it matters “a lot” that spouse or partner sees them as a good parent

For most, being a parent is central to their identity

Parents of young children find parenting more enjoyable, rewarding

Mothers, more than fathers, find being a parent tiring

Parents who always feel rushed are more tired, stressed than other parents

Many parents say they spend too little time with kids, partners, friends

Most full-time working moms say they don’t have enough free time for friends, hobbies

Moms, more than dads, turn to family and friends for parenting advice

Half of college-educated moms get advice from parenting websites, books, magazines

Black and Hispanic parents are more likely to see kids’ successes and failures as a reflection of their parenting

Most parents say they can be overprotective at times

Parenting styles across generations

Parents are divided on how they view their children’s successes and failures

Few parents say they spank their kids often as a way to discipline

Honesty, compassion, hard work trump financial independence, ambition when it comes to parents’ hopes for their kids

Mothers and non-white and lower-income parents place more importance on college degrees

Six-in-ten parents worry their children might be bullied at some point

Parents with higher and lower incomes don’t always share the same concerns

Parental concerns vary across racial and ethnic groups

Parents say kids should be at least 10 to be alone at home or in public without adult supervision

One-in-five separated or divorced parents say they disagree with children’s other parent often

Most parents generally agree that kids shouldn’t feel bad about poor grades as long as they try hard

Many would be disappointed if their children got poor grades

Low-income parents slightly more likely to say they don’t put enough pressure on their kids to do well in school

About half say parents could never be too involved in their kids’ education

About six-in-ten black parents wish they could be more involved in their kids’ education

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Strong link between parents’ gender, race, educational background and reading aloud to young children

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