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Religious Landscape Study

Religious Landscape Study

ReligionsGeographyTopics & QuestionsUser Guide

Religious composition of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

Christian 89%
Evangelical Protestant 43%
Baptist Family (Evangelical Trad.) 17%
Southern Baptist Convention 10%
Independent Baptist (Evangelical Trad.) 5%
Missionary Baptist (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Conservative Baptist Association of America< 1%
Free Will Baptist< 1%
General Association of Regular Baptist Churches< 1%
Other Baptist (Evangelical Trad.) 2%
Methodist Family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Nondenominational Family (Evangelical Trad.) 9%
Nondenominational evangelical 4%
Nondenominational fundamentalist 1%
Nondenominational charismatic 1%
Nondenominational Christian (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Interdenominational (Evangelical Trad.) 1%
Community Church (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Other Nondenominational (Evangelical Trad.) 2%
Lutheran Family (Evangelical Trad.) 2%
Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod 2%
Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod< 1%
Other Lutheran (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Presbyterian Family (Evangelical Trad.) 1%
Presbyterian Church in America 1%
Other Presbyterian (Evangelical Trad.) 1%
Pentecostal Family (Evangelical Trad.) 5%
Assemblies of God 2%
Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee) 1%
Foursquare Church< 1%
Pentecostal Church of God< 1%
Pentecostal Holiness Church< 1%
Calvary Chapel< 1%
Apostolic Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Nondenominational Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Church of God of the Apostolic Faith< 1%
Other Pentecostal (Evangelical Trad.) 1%
Episcopalian/Anglican Family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Restorationist Family (Evangelical Trad.) 3%
Churches of Christ 3%
Christian Churches and Churches of Christ< 1%
Other Restorationist (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Congregationalist Family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Conservative Congregational Christian Conference< 1%
Other Congregationalist (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Holiness Family (Evangelical Trad.) 1%
Church of the Nazarene 1%
Wesleyan Church< 1%
Free Methodist Church< 1%
Christian and Missionary Alliance< 1%
Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)< 1%
Other Holiness (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Reformed Family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Christian Reformed Church< 1%
Other Reformed (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Adventist Family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Seventh-day Adventist< 1%
Other Adventist (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Anabaptist Family (Evangelical Trad.) 1%
Pietist Family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Other evangelical/fundamentalist family (Evangelical Trad.)< 1%
Nonspecific Protestant Family (Evangelical Trad.) 2%
Mainline Protestant 17%
Baptist Family (Mainline Trad.) 2%
American Baptist Churches USA 2%
Other Baptist (Mainline Trad.) 1%
Methodist Family (Mainline Trad.) 5%
United Methodist Church 5%
Other Methodist (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Nondenominational Family (Mainline Trad.) 1%
Interdenominational (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Other Nondenominational (Mainline Trad.) 1%
Lutheran Family (Mainline Trad.) 3%
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) 2%
Other Lutheran (Mainline Trad.) 1%
Presbyterian Family (Mainline Trad.) 2%
Presbyterian Church (USA) 1%
Other Presbyterian (Mainline Trad.) 1%
Episcopalian/Anglican Family (Mainline Trad.) 1%
Episcopal Church 1%
Anglican Church< 1%
Other Episcopalian/Anglican (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Restorationist Family (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Disciples of Christ< 1%
Other Restorationist (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Congregationalist Family (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
United Church of Christ< 1%
Other Congregationalist (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Reformed Family (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Reformed Church in America< 1%
Other Reformed (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Anabaptist Family (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Friends Family (Mainline Trad.)< 1%
Nonspecific Protestant Family (Mainline Trad.) 2%
Historically Black Protestant 4%
Baptist Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) 2%
National Baptist Convention 1%
Progressive Baptist Convention< 1%
Independent Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)< 1%
Missionary Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)< 1%
Other Baptist (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) 1%
Methodist Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)< 1%
African Methodist Episcopal Church< 1%
African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church< 1%
Christian Methodist Episcopal Church< 1%
Other Methodist (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)< 1%
Pentecostal Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.) 1%
Church of God in Christ< 1%
Apostolic Pentecostal (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)< 1%
United Pentecostal Church International< 1%
Other Pentecostal (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)< 1%
Holiness Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)< 1%
Nondenominational Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)< 1%
Nonspecific Protestant Family (Historically Black Protestant Trad.)< 1%
Catholic 21%
Mormon 2%
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 2%
Other Mormon< 1%
Orthodox Christian 1%
Greek Orthodox< 1%
Russian Orthodox< 1%
Orthodox Church in America< 1%
Other Orthodox Christian< 1%
Jehovah's Witness< 1%
Other Christian< 1%
Metaphysical Family< 1%
Spiritualist< 1%
Unity Church< 1%
Other Metaphysical Christian ("Other Christian" Trad.)< 1%
Others in the "Other Christian" Tradition< 1%
Non-Christian Faiths 2%
Jewish 1%
Muslim< 1%
Buddhist< 1%
Hindu< 1%
Other World Religions< 1%
Other Faiths< 1%
Unitarians and other liberal faiths in the "Other Faiths" Tradition< 1%
Unitarian< 1%
Humanist< 1%
Deist< 1%
Spiritual but not religious< 1%
Eclectic, a bit of everything, "I have my own beliefs"< 1%
Other in the "Unitarian and other liberal faiths" family< 1%
New Age< 1%
Pagan or Wiccan< 1%
Other in the New Age family< 1%
Native American Religions< 1%
Unaffiliated (religious "nones") 9%
Atheist< 1%
Agnostic 1%
Nothing in particular 8%
Nothing in particular (religion not important) 3%
Nothing in particular (religion important) 5%
Don't know < 1%

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who are ages…

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Survey year18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
201417%34%29%20%11,167
200712%40%28%19%9,673
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: age group by views about size of governmentage group by belief in hell

Generational cohort among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who are…

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Survey yearYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
201411%12%29%35%13%1%11,167
2007< 1%9%28%40%20%4%9,673
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: generational group by views about size of governmentgenerational group by belief in hell

Gender composition among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who are…

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Survey yearMenWomenSample size
201454%46%11,370
200756%44%9,857
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: gender by views about size of governmentgender by belief in hell

Racial and ethnic composition among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who identify as…

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Survey yearWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
201481%6%2%8%3%11,222
200784%6%2%6%3%9,755
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: race/ethnicity by views about size of governmentrace/ethnicity by belief in hell

Immigrant status among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who are…

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Survey yearImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
20147%8%85%11,263
20076%7%88%9,789
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: immigrant status by views about size of governmentimmigrant status by belief in hell

Income distribution among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who have a household income of…

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Survey yearLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
201426%22%32%20%9,964
200722%23%36%20%8,320
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: household income by views about size of governmenthousehold income by belief in hell

Educational distribution among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who have completed…

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Survey yearHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
201438%36%18%9%11,315
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: educational group by views about size of governmenteducational group by belief in hell

Marital status among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who are…

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Survey yearMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
201459%5%11%7%19%11,334
200766%4%10%8%12%9,800
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: marital status by views about size of governmentmarital status by belief in hell

Parent of children under 18 among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who are…

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Survey yearParentsNon-parentsSample size
201430%70%11,329
200735%65%9,825
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: parental status by views about size of governmentparental status by belief in hell

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who say they…

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Survey yearBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
201482%15%2%< 1%1%< 1%11,370
200786%11%1%< 1%< 1%1%9,857
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: belief in God by views about size of governmentbelief in God by belief in hell

Importance of religion in one's life among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who say religion is…

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Survey yearVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
201469%24%5%2%< 1%11,370
200769%25%5%1%< 1%9,857
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: importance of religion by views about size of governmentimportance of religion by belief in hell

Attendance at religious services among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who attend religious services…

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Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201449%33%17%< 1%11,370
200752%32%16%< 1%9,857
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: religious attendance by views about size of governmentreligious attendance by belief in hell

Frequency of prayer among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who pray…

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Survey yearAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201470%16%5%8%1%11,370
200769%18%5%8%1%9,857
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: frequency of prayer by views about size of governmentfrequency of prayer by belief in hell

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who attend prayer group…

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Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201434%11%10%45%< 1%11,370
200730%10%9%50%1%9,857
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: attendance at prayer groups by views about size of governmentattendance at prayer groups by belief in hell

Frequency of meditation among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who meditate…

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Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201443%7%4%45%2%11,370
200743%7%4%45%2%9,857
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: frequency of meditation by views about size of governmentfrequency of meditation by belief in hell

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

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Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201467%14%8%10%1%11,370
200759%14%12%12%2%9,857
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: frequency of feelings of spiritual wellbeing by views about size of governmentfrequency of feelings of spiritual wellbeing by belief in hell

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

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Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201444%17%12%25%1%11,370
200739%14%15%28%3%9,857
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe by views about size of governmentfrequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe by belief in hell

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

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Survey yearReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
201449%6%39%4%2%11,370
200742%6%47%3%2%9,857
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: sources of guidance on right and wrong by views about size of governmentsources of guidance on right and wrong by belief in hell

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who say…

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Survey yearThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
201450%48%1%1%11,370
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: belief in existence of standards for right and wrong by views about size of governmentbelief in existence of standards for right and wrong by belief in hell

Frequency of reading scripture among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who read scripture…

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Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201448%12%9%31%1%11,370
200745%11%8%35%1%9,857
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: frequency of reading scripture by views about size of governmentfrequency of reading scripture by belief in hell

Interpreting scripture among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who say the holy scripture is…

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Survey yearWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
201441%36%3%15%5%11,370
200742%34%4%14%6%9,857
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: interpretation of scripture by views about size of governmentinterpretation of scripture by belief in hell

Belief in Heaven among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who …in heaven

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Survey yearBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
201495%2%3%11,370
200793%3%4%9,857
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: belief in heaven by views about size of governmentbelief in heaven by belief in hell

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who identify as…

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Survey yearRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
201463%13%23%11,370
200756%13%31%9,857
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: political party by views about size of governmentpolitical party by belief in hell

Political ideology among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who are…

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Survey yearConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
201458%29%9%4%11,370
200755%31%10%4%9,857
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: political ideology by views about size of governmentpolitical ideology by belief in hell

Views about government aid to the poor among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who say government aid to the poor…

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Survey yearDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
201467%28%3%1%11,370
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: views about government aid to the poor by views about size of governmentviews about government aid to the poor by belief in hell

Views about abortion among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who say abortion should be…

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Survey yearLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
201437%60%3%11,370
200738%57%5%9,857
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: views about abortion by views about size of governmentviews about abortion by belief in hell

Views about homosexuality among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who say homosexuality…

Chart
Trends
Table
Share
Survey yearShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
201444%48%4%3%11,370
200734%58%5%4%9,857
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: views about homosexuality by views about size of governmentviews about homosexuality by belief in hell

Views about same-sex marriage among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who …same-sex marriage

Chart
Table
Share
Survey yearStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
201434%59%7%11,370
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: views about same-sex marriage by views about size of governmentviews about same-sex marriage by belief in hell

Views about environmental regulation among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who say…

Chart
Trends
Table
Share
Survey yearStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
201454%42%2%2%11,370
200740%52%4%4%9,857
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: views about environmental protection by views about size of governmentviews about environmental protection by belief in hell

Views about human evolution among who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services

% of who believe in Hell who would rather have smaller government; fewer services who say humans…

Chart
Table
Share
Survey yearEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
201416%30%3%48%4%11,370
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Compare: views about human evolution by views about size of governmentviews about human evolution by belief in hell

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