Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among adults in Pennsylvania by religious group
% of adults in Pennsylvania who say humans…
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Religious tradition
Evolved; due to natural processes
Evolved; due to God's design
Evolved; don't know how
Always existed in present form
Don't know
Sample size
Catholic
33%
31%
4%
28%
4%
355
Evangelical Protestant
7%
22%
1%
66%
4%
248
Mainline Protestant
24%
32%
5%
34%
5%
344
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")
67%
10%
3%
16%
4%
243
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Age distribution among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who are ages…
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Views about human evolution
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
29%
35%
20%
15%
448
Evolved; due to God's design
19%
29%
32%
19%
337
Always existed in present form
16%
30%
31%
23%
457
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Generational cohort among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who are…
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Views about human evolution
Younger Millennial
Older Millennial
Generation X
Baby Boomer
Silent
Greatest
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
24%
12%
29%
25%
10%
1%
448
Evolved; due to God's design
8%
16%
24%
39%
12%
1%
337
Always existed in present form
10%
10%
26%
36%
15%
2%
457
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who are…
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Views about human evolution
Men
Women
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
55%
45%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
42%
58%
345
Always existed in present form
47%
53%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Racial and ethnic composition among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who identify as…
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Views about human evolution
White
Black
Asian
Latino
Other/Mixed
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
85%
7%
2%
4%
2%
443
Evolved; due to God's design
81%
9%
2%
5%
3%
341
Always existed in present form
78%
12%
2%
5%
2%
459
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Immigrant status among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who are…
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Views about human evolution
Immigrants
Second generation
Third generation or higher
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
6%
8%
86%
446
Evolved; due to God's design
4%
11%
84%
341
Always existed in present form
7%
4%
89%
453
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Income distribution among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who have a household income of…
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Views about human evolution
Less than $30,000
$30,000-$49,999
$50,000-$99,999
$100,000 or more
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
31%
17%
24%
28%
390
Evolved; due to God's design
35%
20%
26%
19%
297
Always existed in present form
38%
25%
26%
11%
397
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who have completed…
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Views about human evolution
High school or less
Some college
College
Post-graduate degree
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
40%
25%
20%
15%
448
Evolved; due to God's design
38%
30%
18%
14%
342
Always existed in present form
55%
27%
11%
6%
463
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who are…
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Views about human evolution
Married
Living with a partner
Divorced/separated
Widowed
Never married
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
43%
9%
8%
6%
33%
447
Evolved; due to God's design
54%
7%
13%
9%
17%
344
Always existed in present form
54%
5%
10%
10%
22%
461
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who are…
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Views about human evolution
Parents
Non-parents
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
28%
72%
448
Evolved; due to God's design
30%
70%
343
Always existed in present form
25%
75%
462
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in God among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who say they…
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Views about human evolution
Believe in God; absolutely certain
Believe in God; fairly certain
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain
Believe in God; don't know
Do not believe in God
Other/don't know if they believe in God
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
28%
30%
11%
1%
26%
4%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
73%
23%
1%
< 1%
1%
1%
345
Always existed in present form
83%
12%
3%
< 1%
2%
1%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who say religion is…
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Views about human evolution
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not at all important
Don't know
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
19%
29%
24%
26%
1%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
57%
33%
5%
5%
< 1%
345
Always existed in present form
76%
17%
4%
3%
< 1%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who attend religious services…
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Views about human evolution
At least once a week
Once or twice a month/a few times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
13%
35%
52%
< 1%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
37%
41%
22%
< 1%
345
Always existed in present form
52%
30%
17%
1%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who pray…
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Views about human evolution
At least daily
Weekly
Monthly
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
27%
16%
8%
49%
< 1%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
60%
19%
8%
13%
< 1%
345
Always existed in present form
74%
15%
4%
7%
1%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who attend prayer group…
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Views about human evolution
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
9%
5%
4%
82%
< 1%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
16%
9%
11%
64%
< 1%
345
Always existed in present form
39%
8%
11%
42%
< 1%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who meditate…
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Views about human evolution
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
30%
8%
6%
56%
< 1%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
39%
9%
4%
47%
< 1%
345
Always existed in present form
43%
8%
4%
43%
2%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
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Views about human evolution
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
38%
16%
13%
32%
1%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
56%
21%
10%
11%
1%
345
Always existed in present form
70%
12%
8%
8%
2%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
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Views about human evolution
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
39%
20%
13%
28%
< 1%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
50%
17%
12%
21%
< 1%
345
Always existed in present form
45%
19%
14%
22%
1%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
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Views about human evolution
Religion
Philosophy/reason
Common sense
Science
Don't know
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
10%
11%
58%
21%
1%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
36%
13%
43%
7%
1%
345
Always existed in present form
56%
4%
35%
5%
1%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who say…
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Views about human evolution
There are clear standards for what is right and wrong
Right or wrong depends on the situation
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
23%
76%
1%
< 1%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
35%
63%
1%
< 1%
345
Always existed in present form
51%
48%
1%
< 1%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who read scripture…
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Views about human evolution
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
11%
5%
8%
75%
< 1%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
27%
13%
15%
45%
1%
345
Always existed in present form
53%
8%
9%
29%
1%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who say the holy scripture is…
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Views about human evolution
Word of God; should be taken literally
Word of God; not everything taken literally
Word of God; other/don't know
Not the word of God
Other/don't know
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
12%
14%
< 1%
67%
6%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
21%
45%
2%
28%
5%
345
Always existed in present form
51%
30%
3%
11%
5%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who …in heaven
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Views about human evolution
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
50%
44%
6%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
84%
12%
4%
345
Always existed in present form
85%
8%
6%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Hell among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who …in hell
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Views about human evolution
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
37%
58%
5%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
62%
32%
6%
345
Always existed in present form
76%
16%
8%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Party affiliation among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who identify as…
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Views about human evolution
Republican/lean Rep.
No lean
Democrat/lean Dem.
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
24%
18%
58%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
39%
13%
48%
345
Always existed in present form
54%
12%
34%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who are…
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Views about human evolution
Conservative
Moderate
Liberal
Don't know
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
18%
40%
38%
5%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
33%
42%
19%
5%
345
Always existed in present form
56%
24%
12%
7%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who would rather have…
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Views about human evolution
Smaller government; fewer services
Bigger government; more services
Depends
Don't know
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
47%
48%
2%
3%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
62%
33%
1%
4%
345
Always existed in present form
64%
31%
2%
3%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who say government aid to the poor…
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Views about human evolution
Does more harm than good
Does more good than harm
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
38%
58%
3%
1%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
48%
46%
4%
2%
345
Always existed in present form
60%
35%
4%
2%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who say abortion should be…
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Views about human evolution
Legal in all/most cases
Illegal in all/most cases
Don't know
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
74%
22%
4%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
53%
43%
4%
345
Always existed in present form
30%
66%
4%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who say homosexuality…
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Views about human evolution
Should be accepted
Should be discouraged
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
86%
11%
1%
2%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
68%
24%
5%
3%
345
Always existed in present form
39%
53%
5%
3%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who …same-sex marriage
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Views about human evolution
Strongly favor/favor
Oppose/strongly oppose
Don't know
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
78%
16%
6%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
61%
31%
8%
345
Always existed in present form
29%
61%
10%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among adults in Pennsylvania by views about human evolution
% of adults in Pennsylvania who say…
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Table
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Views about human evolution
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Evolved; due to natural processes
28%
70%
1%
1%
449
Evolved; due to God's design
39%
59%
1%
1%
345
Always existed in present form
53%
42%
3%
2%
464
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.