Racial and ethnic composition among adults who do not believe in Hell by religious group
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who identify as…
| Religious tradition | White | Black | Asian | Latino | Other/Mixed | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buddhist | 58% | 4% | 13% | 14% | 11% | 191 |
| Catholic | 61% | 2% | 2% | 33% | 1% | 2,049 |
| Evangelical Protestant | 76% | 7% | 2% | 11% | 5% | 945 |
| Hindu | 3% | 4% | 91% | < 1% | 2% | 116 |
| Historically Black Protestant | 1% | 93% | < 1% | 5% | 1% | 225 |
| Jehovah's Witness | 36% | 24% | < 1% | 34% | 6% | 213 |
| Jewish | 93% | 2% | 1% | 2% | 2% | 630 |
| Mainline Protestant | 90% | 2% | 1% | 5% | 2% | 2,034 |
| Mormon | 87% | < 1% | 1% | 5% | 7% | 223 |
| Unaffiliated (religious "nones") | 73% | 6% | 6% | 12% | 4% | 5,193 |
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Learn More: White, Black, Asian, Latino, Other/Mixed
Switch Display To: religious group among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
Demographic✭Information
Age distribution among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are ages…
| Racial and ethnic composition | 18-29 | 30-49 | 50-64 | 65+ | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 21% | 31% | 26% | 21% | 9,585 |
| Black | 34% | 35% | 21% | 10% | 679 |
| Asian | 43% | 41% | 11% | 5% | 410 |
| Latino | 32% | 40% | 19% | 9% | 1,257 |
| Other/Mixed | 31% | 38% | 23% | 8% | 508 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: race/ethnicity among adults who do not believe in Hell by age group
Generational cohort among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…
| Racial and ethnic composition | Younger Millennial | Older Millennial | Generation X | Baby Boomer | Silent | Greatest | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 13% | 14% | 25% | 33% | 13% | 1% | 9,585 |
| Black | 19% | 23% | 26% | 24% | 7% | 1% | 679 |
| Asian | 25% | 27% | 32% | 12% | 3% | 1% | 410 |
| Latino | 22% | 20% | 31% | 21% | 6% | 1% | 1,257 |
| Other/Mixed | 21% | 19% | 29% | 25% | 5% | < 1% | 508 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: race/ethnicity among adults who do not believe in Hell by generational group
Gender composition among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…
| Racial and ethnic composition | Men | Women | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|
| White | 51% | 49% | 9,746 |
| Black | 46% | 54% | 692 |
| Asian | 58% | 42% | 418 |
| Latino | 51% | 49% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 50% | 50% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: race/ethnicity among adults who do not believe in Hell by gender
Immigrant status among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…
| Racial and ethnic composition | Immigrants | Second generation | Third generation or higher | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 6% | 10% | 84% | 9,687 |
| Black | 10% | 7% | 83% | 676 |
| Asian | 69% | 23% | 8% | 411 |
| Latino | 51% | 26% | 23% | 1,251 |
| Other/Mixed | 7% | 16% | 77% | 510 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: race/ethnicity among adults who do not believe in Hell by immigrant status
Income distribution among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who have a household income of…
| Racial and ethnic composition | Less than $30,000 | $30,000-$49,999 | $50,000-$99,999 | $100,000 or more | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 23% | 18% | 31% | 28% | 8,728 |
| Black | 42% | 22% | 23% | 13% | 626 |
| Asian | 20% | 22% | 24% | 33% | 373 |
| Latino | 48% | 23% | 19% | 11% | 1,108 |
| Other/Mixed | 39% | 20% | 22% | 19% | 473 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: race/ethnicity among adults who do not believe in Hell by household income
Educational distribution among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who have completed…
| Racial and ethnic composition | High school or less | Some college | College | Post-graduate degree | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 29% | 30% | 23% | 18% | 9,715 |
| Black | 43% | 35% | 14% | 8% | 689 |
| Asian | 20% | 25% | 26% | 29% | 415 |
| Latino | 54% | 27% | 13% | 6% | 1,267 |
| Other/Mixed | 31% | 39% | 18% | 12% | 514 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: race/ethnicity among adults who do not believe in Hell by educational group
Marital status among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…
| Racial and ethnic composition | Married | Living with a partner | Divorced/separated | Widowed | Never married | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 49% | 9% | 12% | 6% | 23% | 9,710 |
| Black | 28% | 10% | 15% | 5% | 42% | 691 |
| Asian | 47% | 5% | 3% | 2% | 43% | 416 |
| Latino | 41% | 12% | 13% | 3% | 32% | 1,278 |
| Other/Mixed | 34% | 14% | 13% | 4% | 35% | 514 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: race/ethnicity among adults who do not believe in Hell by marital status
Parent of children under 18 among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…
| Racial and ethnic composition | Parents | Non-parents | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|
| White | 23% | 77% | 9,724 |
| Black | 31% | 69% | 690 |
| Asian | 26% | 74% | 418 |
| Latino | 35% | 65% | 1,275 |
| Other/Mixed | 26% | 74% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: race/ethnicity among adults who do not believe in Hell by parental status
Beliefs✭and✭Practices
Belief in God among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say they…
| Racial and ethnic composition | Believe in God; absolutely certain | Believe in God; fairly certain | Believe in God; not too/not at all certain | Believe in God; don't know | Do not believe in God | Other/don't know if they believe in God | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 33% | 24% | 10% | 1% | 28% | 4% | 9,746 |
| Black | 64% | 19% | 5% | < 1% | 10% | 2% | 692 |
| Asian | 26% | 22% | 15% | < 1% | 35% | 2% | 418 |
| Latino | 46% | 25% | 10% | 1% | 17% | 1% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 42% | 22% | 8% | 1% | 24% | 4% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: race/ethnicity among adults who do not believe in Hell by belief in God
Importance of religion in one's life among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say religion is…
| Racial and ethnic composition | Very important | Somewhat important | Not too important | Not at all important | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 24% | 25% | 21% | 29% | 1% | 9,746 |
| Black | 51% | 24% | 12% | 13% | < 1% | 692 |
| Asian | 18% | 26% | 28% | 27% | 1% | 418 |
| Latino | 40% | 28% | 13% | 18% | 1% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 29% | 27% | 19% | 25% | < 1% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who attend religious services…
| Racial and ethnic composition | At least once a week | Once or twice a month/a few times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 16% | 31% | 53% | < 1% | 9,746 |
| Black | 30% | 38% | 32% | < 1% | 692 |
| Asian | 13% | 39% | 47% | 1% | 418 |
| Latino | 25% | 35% | 39% | < 1% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 19% | 28% | 53% | < 1% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who pray…
| Racial and ethnic composition | At least daily | Weekly | Monthly | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 29% | 14% | 6% | 50% | 1% | 9,746 |
| Black | 57% | 13% | 6% | 23% | 1% | 692 |
| Asian | 27% | 9% | 10% | 54% | < 1% | 418 |
| Latino | 44% | 14% | 8% | 34% | 1% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 43% | 11% | 6% | 41% | < 1% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who attend prayer group…
| Racial and ethnic composition | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 9% | 4% | 5% | 81% | < 1% | 9,746 |
| Black | 25% | 10% | 11% | 54% | < 1% | 692 |
| Asian | 10% | 6% | 10% | 74% | < 1% | 418 |
| Latino | 19% | 7% | 6% | 66% | < 1% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 15% | 7% | 7% | 71% | 1% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who meditate…
| Racial and ethnic composition | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 31% | 10% | 5% | 52% | 1% | 9,746 |
| Black | 48% | 8% | 5% | 37% | 1% | 692 |
| Asian | 24% | 10% | 7% | 56% | 3% | 418 |
| Latino | 44% | 11% | 4% | 39% | 2% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 47% | 9% | 4% | 39% | < 1% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
| Racial and ethnic composition | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 45% | 17% | 11% | 27% | 1% | 9,746 |
| Black | 60% | 16% | 8% | 14% | 2% | 692 |
| Asian | 37% | 17% | 18% | 27% | 1% | 418 |
| Latino | 57% | 12% | 10% | 19% | 1% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 58% | 17% | 8% | 16% | 1% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
| Racial and ethnic composition | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 48% | 16% | 13% | 21% | 1% | 9,746 |
| Black | 48% | 13% | 10% | 26% | 2% | 692 |
| Asian | 34% | 16% | 25% | 24% | 1% | 418 |
| Latino | 52% | 13% | 12% | 22% | 1% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 58% | 16% | 10% | 15% | < 1% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
| Racial and ethnic composition | Religion | Philosophy/reason | Common sense | Science | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 12% | 17% | 54% | 15% | 2% | 9,746 |
| Black | 23% | 14% | 51% | 10% | 1% | 692 |
| Asian | 5% | 21% | 50% | 23% | 1% | 418 |
| Latino | 23% | 14% | 44% | 17% | 2% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 16% | 17% | 49% | 16% | 3% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say…
| Racial and ethnic composition | There are clear standards for what is right and wrong | Right or wrong depends on the situation | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 23% | 75% | 1% | 1% | 9,746 |
| Black | 23% | 75% | 1% | 1% | 692 |
| Asian | 14% | 85% | 1% | < 1% | 418 |
| Latino | 22% | 75% | 2% | 2% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 22% | 76% | 1% | < 1% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who read scripture…
| Racial and ethnic composition | At least once a week | Once or twice a month | Several times a year | Seldom/never | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 14% | 7% | 7% | 72% | 1% | 9,746 |
| Black | 39% | 13% | 8% | 39% | 1% | 692 |
| Asian | 11% | 6% | 9% | 75% | < 1% | 418 |
| Latino | 26% | 10% | 7% | 56% | 1% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 26% | 6% | 9% | 58% | < 1% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say the holy scripture is…
| Racial and ethnic composition | Word of God; should be taken literally | Word of God; not everything taken literally | Word of God; other/don't know | Not the word of God | Other/don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 7% | 18% | 1% | 68% | 6% | 9,746 |
| Black | 28% | 24% | 1% | 40% | 8% | 692 |
| Asian | 7% | 9% | < 1% | 74% | 9% | 418 |
| Latino | 23% | 19% | 1% | 51% | 6% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 8% | 18% | 2% | 63% | 9% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who …in heaven
| Racial and ethnic composition | Believe | Don't believe | Other/don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 36% | 58% | 6% | 9,746 |
| Black | 56% | 40% | 4% | 692 |
| Asian | 28% | 70% | 2% | 418 |
| Latino | 43% | 52% | 5% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 36% | 56% | 8% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: race/ethnicity among adults who do not believe in Hell by belief in heaven
Social✭and✭Political✭Views
Party affiliation among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who identify as…
| Racial and ethnic composition | Republican/lean Rep. | No lean | Democrat/lean Dem. | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 30% | 16% | 54% | 9,746 |
| Black | 9% | 20% | 71% | 692 |
| Asian | 18% | 23% | 60% | 418 |
| Latino | 17% | 31% | 51% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 21% | 26% | 52% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: race/ethnicity among adults who do not believe in Hell by political party
Political ideology among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who are…
| Racial and ethnic composition | Conservative | Moderate | Liberal | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 21% | 36% | 38% | 5% | 9,746 |
| Black | 25% | 30% | 34% | 11% | 692 |
| Asian | 13% | 39% | 41% | 7% | 418 |
| Latino | 21% | 34% | 36% | 9% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 18% | 36% | 37% | 9% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Switch Display To: race/ethnicity among adults who do not believe in Hell by political ideology
Views about size of government among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who would rather have…
| Racial and ethnic composition | Smaller government; fewer services | Bigger government; more services | Depends | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 53% | 40% | 3% | 4% | 9,746 |
| Black | 28% | 64% | 3% | 4% | 692 |
| Asian | 40% | 56% | 2% | 2% | 418 |
| Latino | 32% | 62% | 3% | 3% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 45% | 45% | 5% | 5% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say government aid to the poor…
| Racial and ethnic composition | Does more harm than good | Does more good than harm | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 37% | 59% | 3% | 1% | 9,746 |
| Black | 27% | 67% | 4% | 3% | 692 |
| Asian | 33% | 62% | 4% | 2% | 418 |
| Latino | 37% | 57% | 4% | 2% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 29% | 65% | 4% | 2% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say abortion should be…
| Racial and ethnic composition | Legal in all/most cases | Illegal in all/most cases | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 77% | 20% | 3% | 9,746 |
| Black | 61% | 35% | 4% | 692 |
| Asian | 73% | 23% | 4% | 418 |
| Latino | 55% | 41% | 4% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 74% | 24% | 3% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say homosexuality…
| Racial and ethnic composition | Should be accepted | Should be discouraged | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 83% | 13% | 3% | 2% | 9,746 |
| Black | 68% | 26% | 4% | 3% | 692 |
| Asian | 81% | 13% | 2% | 4% | 418 |
| Latino | 75% | 19% | 3% | 3% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 77% | 17% | 3% | 3% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who …same-sex marriage
| Racial and ethnic composition | Strongly favor/favor | Oppose/strongly oppose | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 78% | 17% | 5% | 9,746 |
| Black | 62% | 31% | 7% | 692 |
| Asian | 78% | 16% | 6% | 418 |
| Latino | 67% | 26% | 7% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 74% | 21% | 6% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say…
| Racial and ethnic composition | Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy | Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost | Neither/both equally | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 27% | 69% | 2% | 2% | 9,746 |
| Black | 29% | 65% | 2% | 3% | 692 |
| Asian | 24% | 69% | 2% | 5% | 418 |
| Latino | 29% | 64% | 2% | 5% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 21% | 74% | 4% | 2% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among adults who do not believe in Hell by race/ethnicity
% of adults who do not believe in Hell who say humans…
| Racial and ethnic composition | Evolved; due to natural processes | Evolved; due to God's design | Evolved; don't know how | Always existed in present form | Don't know | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 61% | 17% | 4% | 15% | 2% | 9,746 |
| Black | 34% | 26% | 3% | 33% | 3% | 692 |
| Asian | 65% | 9% | 6% | 16% | 3% | 418 |
| Latino | 42% | 21% | 4% | 29% | 4% | 1,280 |
| Other/Mixed | 54% | 17% | 3% | 23% | 2% | 516 |
Note: Whites, blacks, Asians and those in the other/mixed category include only those who are not Latinos. Latinos include people of all races.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
