Survey yearAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
201436%11%9%44%1%12,935
200733%10%8%48%1%13,598
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: At least once a week, Once or twice a month, Several times a year, Seldom/never

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among conservatives by religious group

% of conservatives who attend prayer group…

Religious traditionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Catholic21%10%11%57%1%2,780
Evangelical Protestant52%13%9%26%1%4,975
Historically Black Protestant50%13%10%26%1%653
Jewish32%8%12%47%1%167
Mainline Protestant23%11%10%56%< 1%2,269
Mormon78%5%2%14%1%419
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")8%4%5%82%1%1,277
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: At least once a week, Once or twice a month, Several times a year, Seldom/never

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who are ages…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
At least once a week13%34%30%23%4,561
Once or twice a month21%34%27%18%1,237
Several times a year18%34%28%20%1,144
Seldom/never16%30%31%22%5,654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who are…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
At least once a week8%10%29%35%16%1%4,561
Once or twice a month13%13%30%33%11%1%1,237
Several times a year12%13%28%34%14%1%1,144
Seldom/never11%10%26%37%15%2%5,654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who are…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsMenWomenSample size
At least once a week45%55%4,671
Once or twice a month47%53%1,264
Several times a year53%47%1,172
Seldom/never57%43%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who identify as…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
At least once a week69%13%2%13%3%4,607
Once or twice a month66%13%3%16%3%1,240
Several times a year68%11%4%14%3%1,158
Seldom/never77%7%2%12%3%5,654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who are…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
At least once a week13%7%81%4,636
Once or twice a month15%8%78%1,246
Several times a year15%7%78%1,161
Seldom/never10%10%80%5,687
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who have a household income of…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
At least once a week33%22%30%16%3,996
Once or twice a month35%20%27%18%1,096
Several times a year29%21%31%19%1,026
Seldom/never31%21%28%20%4,983
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who have completed…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
At least once a week41%33%17%9%4,651
Once or twice a month45%33%15%7%1,259
Several times a year43%32%17%9%1,165
Seldom/never47%32%14%7%5,723
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who are…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
At least once a week63%3%11%8%15%4,648
Once or twice a month55%5%13%6%21%1,263
Several times a year56%6%12%7%20%1,171
Seldom/never53%7%13%7%20%5,709
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who are…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsParentsNon-parentsSample size
At least once a week33%67%4,650
Once or twice a month34%66%1,261
Several times a year31%69%1,167
Seldom/never26%74%5,720
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who say they…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
At least once a week93%5%< 1%< 1%< 1%< 1%4,671
Once or twice a month85%13%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%1,264
Several times a year83%13%2%1%< 1%1%1,172
Seldom/never63%22%5%1%7%2%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who say religion is…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
At least once a week94%4%< 1%1%< 1%4,671
Once or twice a month82%16%1%< 1%< 1%1,264
Several times a year75%21%2%1%1%1,172
Seldom/never45%33%12%9%1%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who attend religious services…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week89%8%3%< 1%4,671
Once or twice a month57%39%4%< 1%1,264
Several times a year41%53%5%< 1%1,172
Seldom/never18%41%40%1%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who pray…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week93%6%< 1%1%< 1%4,671
Once or twice a month79%16%2%2%1%1,264
Several times a year72%17%5%5%1%1,172
Seldom/never48%20%7%25%1%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who meditate…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week65%5%1%25%2%4,671
Once or twice a month46%12%3%37%2%1,264
Several times a year40%10%6%42%2%1,172
Seldom/never30%7%4%58%1%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week88%7%2%2%1%4,671
Once or twice a month73%18%6%3%< 1%1,264
Several times a year66%16%11%6%< 1%1,172
Seldom/never50%17%11%21%2%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week56%15%8%19%2%4,671
Once or twice a month48%21%11%19%2%1,264
Several times a year43%16%16%24%1%1,172
Seldom/never38%15%14%33%1%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
At least once a week74%3%18%3%2%4,671
Once or twice a month59%5%28%5%3%1,264
Several times a year49%7%36%6%2%1,172
Seldom/never28%8%54%8%2%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who say…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least once a week59%38%2%1%4,671
Once or twice a month49%48%1%2%1,264
Several times a year49%50%1%< 1%1,172
Seldom/never39%58%2%1%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who read scripture…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
At least once a week86%6%2%5%1%4,671
Once or twice a month60%22%6%11%1%1,264
Several times a year41%19%22%17%1%1,172
Seldom/never19%10%9%61%1%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who say the holy scripture is…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
At least once a week64%25%4%3%3%4,671
Once or twice a month55%32%4%6%4%1,264
Several times a year45%36%3%11%5%1,172
Seldom/never26%32%3%31%8%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who …in heaven

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
At least once a week87%6%7%4,671
Once or twice a month90%5%5%1,264
Several times a year88%6%5%1,172
Seldom/never76%16%7%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who …in hell

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
At least once a week82%11%7%4,671
Once or twice a month83%11%6%1,264
Several times a year78%15%7%1,172
Seldom/never60%30%9%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who identify as…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
At least once a week66%12%22%4,671
Once or twice a month62%11%26%1,264
Several times a year62%12%26%1,172
Seldom/never63%13%24%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who would rather have…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
At least once a week70%26%2%2%4,671
Once or twice a month64%32%2%2%1,264
Several times a year66%31%1%2%1,172
Seldom/never71%25%2%2%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who say government aid to the poor…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least once a week62%32%4%2%4,671
Once or twice a month59%36%4%1%1,264
Several times a year63%32%3%2%1,172
Seldom/never65%30%3%2%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who say abortion should be…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
At least once a week19%78%3%4,671
Once or twice a month28%69%3%1,264
Several times a year35%62%4%1,172
Seldom/never47%48%5%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who say homosexuality…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least once a week23%69%5%3%4,671
Once or twice a month40%53%4%4%1,264
Several times a year43%48%5%4%1,172
Seldom/never57%34%5%4%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who …same-sex marriage

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
At least once a week15%79%6%4,671
Once or twice a month28%66%6%1,264
Several times a year31%62%8%1,172
Seldom/never44%47%9%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who say…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
At least once a week56%38%3%3%4,671
Once or twice a month54%41%2%2%1,264
Several times a year55%41%1%2%1,172
Seldom/never55%40%2%3%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among conservatives by attendance at prayer groups

% of conservatives who say humans…

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groupsEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
At least once a week7%20%2%66%5%4,671
Once or twice a month13%25%3%56%5%1,264
Several times a year14%29%3%50%4%1,172
Seldom/never29%29%4%34%5%5,737
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.