Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
Age distribution among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who are ages…
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Survey year
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
Sample size
2014
11%
28%
33%
28%
460
2007
11%
36%
25%
28%
704
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Generational cohort among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who are…
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Survey year
Younger Millennial
Older Millennial
Generation X
Baby Boomer
Silent
Greatest
Sample size
2014
7%
9%
23%
39%
18%
4%
460
2007
< 1%
7%
26%
34%
23%
10%
704
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who are…
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Survey year
Men
Women
Sample size
2014
44%
56%
469
2007
41%
59%
722
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Racial and ethnic composition among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who identify as…
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Survey year
White
Black
Asian
Latino
Other/Mixed
Sample size
2014
81%
5%
1%
10%
3%
462
2007
88%
3%
1%
5%
4%
713
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Immigrant status among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who are…
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Survey year
Immigrants
Second generation
Third generation or higher
Sample size
2014
8%
6%
86%
464
2007
4%
4%
92%
713
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Income distribution among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who have a household income of…
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Survey year
Less than $30,000
$30,000-$49,999
$50,000-$99,999
$100,000 or more
Sample size
2014
47%
23%
22%
7%
391
2007
39%
25%
27%
9%
588
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who have completed…
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Survey year
High school or less
Some college
College
Post-graduate degree
Sample size
2014
64%
26%
7%
3%
468
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who are…
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Survey year
Married
Living with a partner
Divorced/separated
Widowed
Never married
Sample size
2014
48%
7%
18%
12%
15%
467
2007
53%
6%
16%
16%
9%
719
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who are…
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Survey year
Parents
Non-parents
Sample size
2014
24%
76%
468
2007
31%
69%
721
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Beliefs✭and✭Practices
Belief in God among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who say they…
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Survey year
Believe in God; absolutely certain
Believe in God; fairly certain
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain
Believe in God; don't know
Do not believe in God
Other/don't know if they believe in God
Sample size
2014
87%
10%
1%
2%
< 1%
1%
469
2007
87%
11%
1%
< 1%
< 1%
< 1%
722
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who say religion is…
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Survey year
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not at all important
Don't know
Sample size
2014
67%
28%
3%
1%
< 1%
469
2007
64%
31%
3%
< 1%
1%
722
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who attend religious services…
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Survey year
At least once a week
Once or twice a month/a few times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
2014
38%
39%
23%
1%
469
2007
36%
44%
20%
1%
722
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who pray…
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Survey year
At least daily
Weekly
Monthly
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
2014
62%
23%
5%
9%
1%
469
2007
59%
24%
7%
10%
1%
722
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who attend prayer group…
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Survey year
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
2014
28%
13%
11%
48%
1%
469
2007
19%
11%
11%
58%
1%
722
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who meditate…
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Survey year
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
2014
40%
7%
4%
46%
3%
469
2007
35%
8%
3%
52%
2%
722
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
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Survey year
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
2014
66%
14%
9%
11%
1%
469
2007
47%
15%
15%
18%
4%
722
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
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Survey year
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
2014
37%
16%
12%
32%
3%
469
2007
30%
12%
16%
36%
5%
722
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who say…
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Survey year
There are clear standards for what is right and wrong
Right or wrong depends on the situation
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
2014
34%
65%
1%
< 1%
469
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who read scripture…
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Survey year
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
2014
43%
13%
9%
33%
2%
469
2007
34%
14%
11%
39%
1%
722
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who …in heaven
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Survey year
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
2014
94%
3%
3%
469
2007
93%
2%
4%
722
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Hell among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who …in hell
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Survey year
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
2014
79%
15%
7%
469
2007
76%
15%
9%
722
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Social✭and✭Political✭Views
Party affiliation among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who identify as…
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Survey year
Republican/lean Rep.
No lean
Democrat/lean Dem.
Sample size
2014
43%
15%
42%
469
2007
42%
17%
40%
722
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who are…
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Survey year
Conservative
Moderate
Liberal
Don't know
Sample size
2014
45%
35%
13%
7%
469
2007
45%
33%
14%
8%
722
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who would rather have…
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Survey year
Smaller government; fewer services
Bigger government; more services
Depends
Don't know
Sample size
2014
51%
42%
4%
3%
469
2007
45%
46%
4%
6%
722
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who say government aid to the poor…
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Survey year
Does more harm than good
Does more good than harm
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
2014
51%
44%
3%
2%
469
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who say abortion should be…
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Survey year
Legal in all/most cases
Illegal in all/most cases
Don't know
Sample size
2014
50%
47%
4%
469
2007
53%
39%
8%
722
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who say homosexuality…
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Survey year
Should be accepted
Should be discouraged
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
2014
45%
48%
5%
2%
469
2007
39%
50%
6%
5%
722
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who …same-sex marriage
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Survey year
Strongly favor/favor
Oppose/strongly oppose
Don't know
Sample size
2014
35%
54%
11%
469
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who say…
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Survey year
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
2014
50%
45%
3%
2%
469
2007
39%
53%
3%
6%
722
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally
% of Mainline Protestants who say common sense is their primary source of guidance on what's right and wrong who say the holy scripture is word of God; should be taken literally who say humans…
Chart
Table
Share
Survey year
Evolved; due to natural processes
Evolved; due to God's design
Evolved; don't know how
Always existed in present form
Don't know
Sample size
2014
16%
25%
2%
52%
5%
469
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.