Educational distribution among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by religious group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who have completed…

Religious traditionHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Catholic40%29%20%12%2,764
Evangelical Protestant35%38%17%10%2,462
Historically Black Protestant38%40%11%11%464
Jehovah's Witness56%32%8%4%102
Jewish23%27%26%24%183
Mainline Protestant32%34%20%13%2,154
Mormon20%42%26%11%359
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")57%31%9%4%709
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: High school or less, Some college, College, Post-graduate degree

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who are ages…

Educational distribution18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
High school or less27%28%24%21%2,566
Some college29%33%24%14%2,706
College18%41%26%15%2,492
Post-graduate degree9%42%30%19%1,598
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who are…

Educational distributionYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
High school or less20%11%24%29%15%1%2,566
Some college20%15%27%28%9%1%2,706
College9%16%34%31%9%1%2,492
Post-graduate degree2%15%34%36%12%1%1,598
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who are…

Educational distributionMenWomenSample size
High school or less48%52%2,598
Some college42%58%2,736
College46%54%2,545
Post-graduate degree48%52%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who identify as…

Educational distributionWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
High school or less66%10%1%19%4%2,581
Some college70%12%2%11%4%2,719
College77%7%5%9%3%2,508
Post-graduate degree77%10%5%5%3%1,605
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who are…

Educational distributionImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
High school or less15%10%75%2,570
Some college9%11%80%2,710
College11%11%78%2,531
Post-graduate degree12%10%78%1,616
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who have a household income of…

Educational distributionLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
High school or less46%24%21%9%2,246
Some college29%23%34%14%2,440
College12%18%36%35%2,246
Post-graduate degree7%10%35%48%1,466
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who are…

Educational distributionMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
High school or less43%6%13%8%29%2,591
Some college46%8%13%5%28%2,731
College66%4%9%4%19%2,535
Post-graduate degree69%3%9%5%15%1,625
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who are…

Educational distributionParentsNon-parentsSample size
High school or less26%74%2,591
Some college32%68%2,731
College37%63%2,535
Post-graduate degree37%63%1,622
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who say they…

Educational distributionBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
High school or less71%24%3%< 1%1%< 1%2,598
Some college79%19%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%2,736
College81%18%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%2,545
Post-graduate degree80%18%1%< 1%< 1%< 1%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who say religion is…

Educational distributionVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
High school or less55%36%7%2%< 1%2,598
Some college63%30%5%2%< 1%2,736
College66%29%4%1%1%2,545
Post-graduate degree72%23%4%< 1%< 1%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who attend religious services…

Educational distributionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
High school or less34%41%24%< 1%2,598
Some college39%43%18%< 1%2,736
College51%36%12%< 1%2,545
Post-graduate degree58%32%9%1%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who pray…

Educational distributionAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
High school or less57%22%7%13%< 1%2,598
Some college66%20%6%8%< 1%2,736
College68%21%5%7%< 1%2,545
Post-graduate degree71%19%5%5%< 1%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who attend prayer group…

Educational distributionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
High school or less22%11%9%58%< 1%2,598
Some college25%11%12%52%< 1%2,736
College27%12%13%47%< 1%2,545
Post-graduate degree29%14%15%43%< 1%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who meditate…

Educational distributionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
High school or less35%8%4%52%1%2,598
Some college39%8%4%48%1%2,736
College41%9%5%44%1%2,545
Post-graduate degree47%9%4%39%1%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Educational distributionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
High school or less54%17%11%17%1%2,598
Some college62%18%9%10%1%2,736
College65%18%10%6%< 1%2,545
Post-graduate degree65%18%11%6%< 1%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…

Educational distributionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
High school or less39%16%13%32%1%2,598
Some college45%18%13%23%1%2,736
College44%20%15%20%1%2,545
Post-graduate degree45%19%17%18%1%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Educational distributionReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
High school or less33%8%52%6%2%2,598
Some college39%9%46%4%2%2,736
College42%10%39%6%3%2,545
Post-graduate degree45%11%33%8%3%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who say…

Educational distributionThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
High school or less31%68%1%1%2,598
Some college37%61%1%< 1%2,736
College43%56%1%< 1%2,545
Post-graduate degree42%56%1%< 1%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who read scripture…

Educational distributionAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
High school or less32%14%11%44%1%2,598
Some college40%14%11%35%< 1%2,736
College40%14%10%35%< 1%2,545
Post-graduate degree44%15%12%28%< 1%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who …in heaven

Educational distributionBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
High school or less88%8%4%2,598
Some college90%6%4%2,736
College90%5%5%2,545
Post-graduate degree88%7%6%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Hell among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who …in hell

Educational distributionBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
High school or less70%24%6%2,598
Some college73%21%6%2,736
College70%22%8%2,545
Post-graduate degree65%26%9%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who identify as…

Educational distributionRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
High school or less40%21%39%2,598
Some college48%14%38%2,736
College54%11%35%2,545
Post-graduate degree49%10%41%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who are…

Educational distributionConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
High school or less37%37%19%7%2,598
Some college43%36%17%4%2,736
College44%39%15%2%2,545
Post-graduate degree35%45%18%2%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who would rather have…

Educational distributionSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
High school or less50%44%2%3%2,598
Some college62%34%2%3%2,736
College67%29%2%2%2,545
Post-graduate degree63%33%2%1%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who say government aid to the poor…

Educational distributionDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
High school or less48%47%3%2%2,598
Some college52%44%3%1%2,736
College54%41%4%1%2,545
Post-graduate degree46%50%3%1%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who say abortion should be…

Educational distributionLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
High school or less46%50%3%2,598
Some college49%49%3%2,736
College50%48%2%2,545
Post-graduate degree51%46%2%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who say homosexuality…

Educational distributionShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
High school or less61%32%4%3%2,598
Some college62%31%4%3%2,736
College64%28%5%3%2,545
Post-graduate degree66%27%5%2%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who …same-sex marriage

Educational distributionStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
High school or less49%42%8%2,598
Some college53%41%7%2,736
College53%41%6%2,545
Post-graduate degree56%38%7%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who say…

Educational distributionStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
High school or less42%54%2%2%2,598
Some college41%56%2%1%2,736
College40%56%2%2%2,545
Post-graduate degree34%64%1%1%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally by educational group

% of adults who say their holy scripture is the word of God but should not be taken literally who say humans…

Educational distributionEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
High school or less23%32%3%38%4%2,598
Some college17%39%2%39%3%2,736
College21%41%4%31%3%2,545
Post-graduate degree20%47%5%26%2%1,630
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.