Gender composition among adults who believe in Hell by religious group
% of adults who believe in Hell who are…
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Religious tradition
Men
Women
Sample size
Catholic
48%
52%
4,475
Evangelical Protestant
46%
54%
6,978
Historically Black Protestant
42%
58%
1,557
Jewish
53%
47%
144
Mainline Protestant
46%
54%
3,327
Mormon
45%
55%
381
Muslim
65%
35%
173
Orthodox Christian
54%
46%
101
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")
53%
47%
1,699
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Age distribution among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who are ages…
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Gender composition
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
Sample size
Men
22%
35%
27%
15%
9,181
Women
20%
34%
27%
19%
9,633
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Generational cohort among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who are…
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Gender composition
Younger Millennial
Older Millennial
Generation X
Baby Boomer
Silent
Greatest
Sample size
Men
14%
14%
29%
32%
10%
1%
9,181
Women
13%
14%
28%
31%
13%
1%
9,633
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Racial and ethnic composition among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who identify as…
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Gender composition
White
Black
Asian
Latino
Other/Mixed
Sample size
Men
64%
14%
3%
16%
3%
9,182
Women
63%
15%
3%
15%
4%
9,759
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Immigrant status among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who are…
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Gender composition
Immigrants
Second generation
Third generation or higher
Sample size
Men
15%
9%
77%
9,205
Women
14%
9%
77%
9,688
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Income distribution among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who have a household income of…
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Gender composition
Less than $30,000
$30,000-$49,999
$50,000-$99,999
$100,000 or more
Sample size
Men
33%
21%
28%
18%
8,298
Women
43%
21%
24%
12%
8,352
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who have completed…
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Gender composition
High school or less
Some college
College
Post-graduate degree
Sample size
Men
48%
31%
14%
8%
9,264
Women
44%
35%
14%
7%
9,798
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who are…
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Gender composition
Married
Living with a partner
Divorced/separated
Widowed
Never married
Sample size
Men
51%
6%
12%
4%
27%
9,286
Women
48%
6%
15%
10%
21%
9,807
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who are…
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Gender composition
Parents
Non-parents
Sample size
Men
28%
72%
9,275
Women
34%
66%
9,819
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in God among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who say they…
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Gender composition
Believe in God; absolutely certain
Believe in God; fairly certain
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain
Believe in God; don't know
Do not believe in God
Other/don't know if they believe in God
Sample size
Men
75%
19%
4%
1%
1%
1%
9,318
Women
82%
14%
2%
1%
1%
< 1%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who say religion is…
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Gender composition
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not at all important
Don't know
Sample size
Men
63%
27%
7%
3%
< 1%
9,318
Women
73%
21%
5%
2%
< 1%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who attend religious services…
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Gender composition
At least once a week
Once or twice a month/a few times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Men
43%
36%
21%
< 1%
9,318
Women
50%
32%
17%
1%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who pray…
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Gender composition
At least daily
Weekly
Monthly
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Men
61%
18%
7%
13%
1%
9,318
Women
75%
15%
4%
6%
1%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who attend prayer group…
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Gender composition
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Men
29%
12%
10%
49%
< 1%
9,318
Women
35%
12%
9%
43%
1%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who meditate…
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Gender composition
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Men
41%
8%
4%
45%
2%
9,318
Women
46%
8%
3%
42%
2%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
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Gender composition
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Men
60%
15%
9%
14%
1%
9,318
Women
70%
13%
8%
8%
1%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
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Gender composition
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Men
44%
16%
13%
26%
1%
9,318
Women
44%
16%
12%
26%
2%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
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Gender composition
Religion
Philosophy/reason
Common sense
Science
Don't know
Sample size
Men
41%
8%
43%
6%
3%
9,318
Women
49%
6%
38%
5%
2%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who say…
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Gender composition
There are clear standards for what is right and wrong
Right or wrong depends on the situation
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Men
42%
55%
2%
1%
9,318
Women
37%
61%
1%
1%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who read scripture…
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Gender composition
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Men
41%
13%
9%
36%
1%
9,318
Women
51%
11%
8%
29%
1%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who say the holy scripture is…
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Gender composition
Word of God; should be taken literally
Word of God; not everything taken literally
Word of God; other/don't know
Not the word of God
Other/don't know
Sample size
Men
41%
33%
3%
17%
6%
9,318
Women
46%
32%
3%
13%
5%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who …in heaven
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Gender composition
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Men
95%
3%
3%
9,318
Women
95%
2%
2%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Party affiliation among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who identify as…
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Gender composition
Republican/lean Rep.
No lean
Democrat/lean Dem.
Sample size
Men
49%
17%
35%
9,318
Women
40%
17%
43%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who are…
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Gender composition
Conservative
Moderate
Liberal
Don't know
Sample size
Men
48%
30%
16%
5%
9,318
Women
42%
33%
18%
7%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who would rather have…
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Gender composition
Smaller government; fewer services
Bigger government; more services
Depends
Don't know
Sample size
Men
61%
34%
2%
3%
9,318
Women
47%
47%
2%
4%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who say government aid to the poor…
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Gender composition
Does more harm than good
Does more good than harm
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Men
54%
41%
4%
2%
9,318
Women
46%
48%
4%
2%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who say abortion should be…
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Gender composition
Legal in all/most cases
Illegal in all/most cases
Don't know
Sample size
Men
41%
55%
4%
9,318
Women
43%
53%
4%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who say homosexuality…
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Gender composition
Should be accepted
Should be discouraged
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Men
46%
47%
4%
3%
9,318
Women
56%
37%
4%
4%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who …same-sex marriage
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Gender composition
Strongly favor/favor
Oppose/strongly oppose
Don't know
Sample size
Men
37%
55%
8%
9,318
Women
45%
48%
7%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who say…
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Gender composition
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Men
49%
47%
2%
2%
9,318
Women
40%
55%
2%
4%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among adults who believe in Hell by gender
% of adults who believe in Hell who say humans…
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Gender composition
Evolved; due to natural processes
Evolved; due to God's design
Evolved; don't know how
Always existed in present form
Don't know
Sample size
Men
20%
31%
3%
41%
4%
9,318
Women
18%
28%
3%
47%
4%
9,849
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.