Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by religious group
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who are…
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Religious tradition
Conservative
Moderate
Liberal
Don't know
Sample size
Catholic
40%
35%
20%
5%
782
Evangelical Protestant
49%
32%
14%
5%
979
Historically Black Protestant
28%
39%
29%
4%
249
Mainline Protestant
40%
39%
18%
4%
791
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")
21%
39%
34%
6%
362
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Age distribution among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who are ages…
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Political ideology
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
Sample size
Conservative
21%
33%
26%
19%
1,335
Moderate
27%
36%
24%
12%
1,219
Liberal
31%
35%
22%
12%
699
Don't know
33%
38%
17%
12%
139
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Generational cohort among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who are…
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Political ideology
Younger Millennial
Older Millennial
Generation X
Baby Boomer
Silent
Greatest
Sample size
Conservative
15%
12%
28%
32%
12%
1%
1,335
Moderate
18%
15%
30%
28%
7%
1%
1,219
Liberal
20%
18%
29%
25%
8%
1%
699
Don't know
20%
21%
29%
18%
10%
1%
139
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who are…
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Political ideology
Men
Women
Sample size
Conservative
52%
48%
1,362
Moderate
46%
54%
1,238
Liberal
48%
52%
710
Don't know
36%
64%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Racial and ethnic composition among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who identify as…
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Political ideology
White
Black
Asian
Latino
Other/Mixed
Sample size
Conservative
70%
10%
2%
15%
3%
1,343
Moderate
60%
16%
4%
17%
3%
1,226
Liberal
49%
22%
5%
21%
3%
702
Don't know
53%
16%
2%
24%
5%
143
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Immigrant status among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who are…
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Political ideology
Immigrants
Second generation
Third generation or higher
Sample size
Conservative
14%
8%
78%
1,351
Moderate
14%
12%
73%
1,226
Liberal
22%
12%
66%
699
Don't know
23%
4%
73%
134
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Income distribution among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who have a household income of…
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Political ideology
Less than $30,000
$30,000-$49,999
$50,000-$99,999
$100,000 or more
Sample size
Conservative
32%
20%
29%
19%
1,189
Moderate
38%
20%
26%
16%
1,114
Liberal
42%
23%
21%
15%
641
Don't know
60%
26%
7%
7%
104
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who have completed…
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Political ideology
High school or less
Some college
College
Post-graduate degree
Sample size
Conservative
44%
34%
14%
8%
1,361
Moderate
39%
32%
17%
11%
1,237
Liberal
42%
30%
15%
12%
708
Don't know
62%
26%
7%
5%
143
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who are…
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Political ideology
Married
Living with a partner
Divorced/separated
Widowed
Never married
Sample size
Conservative
53%
7%
12%
6%
22%
1,360
Moderate
43%
8%
13%
6%
30%
1,233
Liberal
36%
12%
17%
4%
32%
706
Don't know
46%
4%
15%
5%
31%
146
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who are…
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Political ideology
Parents
Non-parents
Sample size
Conservative
32%
68%
1,357
Moderate
29%
71%
1,235
Liberal
31%
69%
708
Don't know
37%
63%
146
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in God among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who say they…
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Political ideology
Believe in God; absolutely certain
Believe in God; fairly certain
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain
Believe in God; don't know
Do not believe in God
Other/don't know if they believe in God
Sample size
Conservative
82%
14%
2%
< 1%
1%
1%
1,362
Moderate
71%
22%
3%
< 1%
3%
1%
1,238
Liberal
60%
26%
6%
1%
6%
2%
710
Don't know
78%
15%
4%
< 1%
1%
2%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who say religion is…
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Political ideology
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not at all important
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
73%
24%
2%
1%
< 1%
1,362
Moderate
61%
31%
6%
3%
< 1%
1,238
Liberal
59%
26%
8%
6%
1%
710
Don't know
63%
26%
5%
4%
2%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who attend religious services…
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Political ideology
At least once a week
Once or twice a month/a few times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
41%
48%
10%
< 1%
1,362
Moderate
32%
52%
15%
< 1%
1,238
Liberal
30%
46%
24%
< 1%
710
Don't know
34%
39%
24%
3%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who pray…
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Political ideology
At least daily
Weekly
Monthly
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
72%
21%
4%
3%
1%
1,362
Moderate
61%
24%
7%
7%
1%
1,238
Liberal
57%
25%
5%
13%
1%
710
Don't know
64%
19%
7%
6%
4%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who attend prayer group…
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Political ideology
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
21%
22%
16%
41%
1%
1,362
Moderate
14%
24%
15%
47%
< 1%
1,238
Liberal
15%
21%
12%
51%
< 1%
710
Don't know
22%
24%
8%
45%
1%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who meditate…
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Political ideology
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
36%
14%
3%
44%
2%
1,362
Moderate
39%
14%
4%
43%
1%
1,238
Liberal
42%
17%
5%
35%
2%
710
Don't know
37%
14%
3%
43%
3%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
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Political ideology
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
62%
21%
8%
7%
2%
1,362
Moderate
60%
22%
11%
7%
1%
1,238
Liberal
59%
21%
10%
10%
1%
710
Don't know
50%
22%
12%
14%
2%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
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Political ideology
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
39%
21%
13%
27%
1%
1,362
Moderate
45%
20%
15%
19%
1%
1,238
Liberal
54%
19%
11%
16%
< 1%
710
Don't know
44%
17%
5%
28%
6%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
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Political ideology
Religion
Philosophy/reason
Common sense
Science
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
45%
8%
39%
6%
3%
1,362
Moderate
30%
11%
48%
7%
2%
1,238
Liberal
25%
19%
44%
10%
2%
710
Don't know
36%
10%
44%
4%
6%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who say…
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Political ideology
There are clear standards for what is right and wrong
Right or wrong depends on the situation
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
42%
56%
1%
1%
1,362
Moderate
28%
70%
1%
1%
1,238
Liberal
24%
74%
1%
1%
710
Don't know
34%
61%
2%
2%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who say the holy scripture is…
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Political ideology
Word of God; should be taken literally
Word of God; not everything taken literally
Word of God; other/don't know
Not the word of God
Other/don't know
Sample size
Conservative
43%
36%
4%
12%
6%
1,362
Moderate
26%
41%
1%
22%
9%
1,238
Liberal
26%
30%
1%
34%
9%
710
Don't know
40%
24%
7%
17%
12%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who …in heaven
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Political ideology
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Conservative
90%
6%
4%
1,362
Moderate
83%
11%
6%
1,238
Liberal
73%
22%
5%
710
Don't know
81%
5%
14%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Hell among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who …in hell
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Table
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Political ideology
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Conservative
77%
15%
8%
1,362
Moderate
66%
26%
8%
1,238
Liberal
54%
41%
6%
710
Don't know
56%
28%
16%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Party affiliation among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who identify as…
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Political ideology
Republican/lean Rep.
No lean
Democrat/lean Dem.
Sample size
Conservative
62%
12%
26%
1,362
Moderate
32%
15%
53%
1,238
Liberal
14%
15%
71%
710
Don't know
14%
62%
24%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who would rather have…
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Political ideology
Smaller government; fewer services
Bigger government; more services
Depends
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
65%
30%
1%
3%
1,362
Moderate
48%
45%
4%
3%
1,238
Liberal
25%
67%
4%
4%
710
Don't know
41%
44%
6%
9%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who say government aid to the poor…
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Political ideology
Does more harm than good
Does more good than harm
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
60%
36%
3%
1%
1,362
Moderate
38%
57%
3%
2%
1,238
Liberal
26%
69%
3%
1%
710
Don't know
41%
45%
8%
6%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who say abortion should be…
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Political ideology
Legal in all/most cases
Illegal in all/most cases
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
37%
60%
3%
1,362
Moderate
57%
40%
3%
1,238
Liberal
63%
33%
4%
710
Don't know
52%
43%
5%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who say homosexuality…
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Political ideology
Should be accepted
Should be discouraged
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
47%
44%
5%
4%
1,362
Moderate
73%
21%
4%
2%
1,238
Liberal
79%
18%
1%
2%
710
Don't know
54%
27%
6%
14%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who …same-sex marriage
Chart
Table
Share
Political ideology
Strongly favor/favor
Oppose/strongly oppose
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
33%
57%
10%
1,362
Moderate
61%
31%
8%
1,238
Liberal
73%
21%
6%
710
Don't know
45%
34%
21%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who say…
Chart
Table
Share
Political ideology
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
52%
43%
3%
3%
1,362
Moderate
36%
60%
2%
2%
1,238
Liberal
24%
71%
2%
3%
710
Don't know
44%
41%
8%
7%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among adults who read scripture once or twice a month by political ideology
% of adults who read scripture once or twice a month who say humans…
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Table
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Political ideology
Evolved; due to natural processes
Evolved; due to God's design
Evolved; don't know how
Always existed in present form
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
16%
32%
3%
44%
6%
1,362
Moderate
28%
32%
5%
33%
3%
1,238
Liberal
33%
32%
4%
28%
3%
710
Don't know
15%
24%
11%
42%
8%
147
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.