Survey yearBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
201457%36%8%4,502
200759%31%10%5,071
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Believe, Don't believe

Belief in Hell among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by religious group

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who …in hell

Religious traditionBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Catholic66%27%6%1,070
Evangelical Protestant81%11%8%906
Historically Black Protestant81%14%5%215
Jewish14%83%3%143
Mainline Protestant59%31%10%864
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")24%69%7%976
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Learn More: Believe, Don't believe

DemographicInformation

Age distribution among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who are ages…

Belief in Hell18-2930-4950-6465+Sample size
Believe22%37%26%15%2,341
Don't believe21%38%23%18%1,730
Other/don't know10%41%27%21%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Generational cohort among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who are…

Belief in HellYounger MillennialOlder MillennialGeneration XBaby BoomerSilentGreatestSample size
Believe13%16%29%30%10%< 1%2,341
Don't believe13%17%29%29%10%2%1,730
Other/don't know4%13%34%32%15%2%347
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Gender composition among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who are…

Belief in HellMenWomenSample size
Believe49%51%2,381
Don't believe52%48%1,760
Other/don't know47%53%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Racial and ethnic composition among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who identify as…

Belief in HellWhiteBlackAsianLatinoOther/MixedSample size
Believe64%12%4%17%3%2,361
Don't believe71%5%9%12%3%1,747
Other/don't know71%7%9%9%2%354
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Immigrant status among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who are…

Belief in HellImmigrantsSecond generationThird generation or higherSample size
Believe16%10%74%2,356
Don't believe19%11%69%1,744
Other/don't know19%6%75%352
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Income distribution among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have a household income of…

Belief in HellLess than $30,000$30,000-$49,999$50,000-$99,999$100,000 or moreSample size
Believe35%20%28%18%2,120
Don't believe21%20%30%29%1,581
Other/don't know28%16%28%28%294
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Educational distribution among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who have completed…

Belief in HellHigh school or lessSome collegeCollegePost-graduate degreeSample size
Believe41%34%16%9%2,369
Don't believe29%26%25%20%1,755
Other/don't know33%30%19%17%358
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Marital status among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who are…

Belief in HellMarriedLiving with a partnerDivorced/separatedWidowedNever marriedSample size
Believe52%7%11%6%23%2,374
Don't believe49%8%11%6%26%1,752
Other/don't know56%8%13%8%15%357
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Parent of children under 18 among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who are…

Belief in HellParentsNon-parentsSample size
Believe34%66%2,374
Don't believe27%73%1,754
Other/don't know33%67%358
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

BeliefsandPractices

Belief in God among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who say they…

Belief in HellBelieve in God; absolutely certainBelieve in God; fairly certainBelieve in God; not too/not at all certainBelieve in God; don't knowDo not believe in GodOther/don't know if they believe in GodSample size
Believe72%23%3%1%1%1%2,381
Don't believe30%28%12%1%26%4%1,760
Other/don't know50%29%7%1%3%10%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Importance of religion in one's life among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who say religion is…

Belief in HellVery importantSomewhat importantNot too importantNot at all importantDon't knowSample size
Believe61%30%7%2%< 1%2,381
Don't believe21%30%23%26%< 1%1,760
Other/don't know45%33%17%4%1%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Attendance at religious services among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who attend religious services…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a month/a few times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe38%42%20%1%2,381
Don't believe14%36%50%< 1%1,760
Other/don't know31%37%31%1%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of prayer among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who pray…

Belief in HellAt least dailyWeeklyMonthlySeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe59%21%8%11%< 1%2,381
Don't believe25%15%9%51%< 1%1,760
Other/don't know41%19%9%28%2%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who attend prayer group…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe22%12%13%53%< 1%2,381
Don't believe8%4%8%80%< 1%1,760
Other/don't know14%7%10%68%1%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of meditation among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who meditate…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe31%9%7%52%1%2,381
Don't believe21%11%10%58%1%1,760
Other/don't know28%10%7%50%4%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe48%20%21%11%1%2,381
Don't believe30%16%24%28%1%1,760
Other/don't know38%15%23%22%2%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong

Belief in HellReligionPhilosophy/reasonCommon senseScienceDon't knowSample size
Believe38%7%45%7%2%2,381
Don't believe12%15%57%15%1%1,760
Other/don't know22%12%53%7%6%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who say…

Belief in HellThere are clear standards for what is right and wrongRight or wrong depends on the situationNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe37%62%1%1%2,381
Don't believe22%76%1%1%1,760
Other/don't know28%67%3%2%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Frequency of reading scripture among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who read scripture…

Belief in HellAt least once a weekOnce or twice a monthSeveral times a yearSeldom/neverDon't knowSample size
Believe32%14%15%40%< 1%2,381
Don't believe9%5%9%76%< 1%1,760
Other/don't know23%11%13%53%1%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Interpreting scripture among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who say the holy scripture is…

Belief in HellWord of God; should be taken literallyWord of God; not everything taken literallyWord of God; other/don't knowNot the word of GodOther/don't knowSample size
Believe38%37%3%16%6%2,381
Don't believe7%18%1%68%6%1,760
Other/don't know19%21%5%36%18%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Belief in Heaven among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who …in heaven

Belief in HellBelieveDon't believeOther/don't knowSample size
Believe96%2%2%2,381
Don't believe39%57%4%1,760
Other/don't know49%3%49%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

SocialandPoliticalViews

Party affiliation among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who identify as…

Belief in HellRepublican/lean Rep.No leanDemocrat/lean Dem.Sample size
Believe45%16%40%2,381
Don't believe28%15%57%1,760
Other/don't know39%26%36%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Political ideology among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who are…

Belief in HellConservativeModerateLiberalDon't knowSample size
Believe40%38%18%4%2,381
Don't believe20%39%37%5%1,760
Other/don't know36%37%17%10%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about size of government among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who would rather have…

Belief in HellSmaller government; fewer servicesBigger government; more servicesDependsDon't knowSample size
Believe53%42%2%3%2,381
Don't believe51%43%3%2%1,760
Other/don't know54%30%7%9%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about government aid to the poor among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who say government aid to the poor…

Belief in HellDoes more harm than goodDoes more good than harmNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe48%47%3%2%2,381
Don't believe36%60%3%1%1,760
Other/don't know43%46%6%6%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about abortion among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who say abortion should be…

Belief in HellLegal in all/most casesIllegal in all/most casesDon't knowSample size
Believe47%49%3%2,381
Don't believe76%21%3%1,760
Other/don't know53%41%7%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about homosexuality among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who say homosexuality…

Belief in HellShould be acceptedShould be discouragedNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe58%35%4%3%2,381
Don't believe82%13%3%2%1,760
Other/don't know57%27%10%7%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about same-sex marriage among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who …same-sex marriage

Belief in HellStrongly favor/favorOppose/strongly opposeDon't knowSample size
Believe48%46%6%2,381
Don't believe77%18%5%1,760
Other/don't know48%40%12%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about environmental regulation among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who say…

Belief in HellStricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economyStricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the costNeither/both equallyDon't knowSample size
Believe42%54%2%2%2,381
Don't believe25%72%2%2%1,760
Other/don't know35%52%6%8%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.

Views about human evolution among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year by belief in hell

% of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe several times a year who say humans…

Belief in HellEvolved; due to natural processesEvolved; due to God's designEvolved; don't know howAlways existed in present formDon't knowSample size
Believe22%33%3%39%3%2,381
Don't believe61%17%3%17%3%1,760
Other/don't know29%23%11%26%10%361
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.