Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Age distribution among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who are ages…
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Table
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Political ideology
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
Sample size
Conservative
30%
36%
22%
12%
1,637
Moderate
34%
38%
19%
9%
3,425
Liberal
34%
36%
19%
11%
4,151
Don't know
37%
38%
17%
8%
612
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Generational cohort among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who are…
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Political ideology
Younger Millennial
Older Millennial
Generation X
Baby Boomer
Silent
Greatest
Sample size
Conservative
20%
17%
29%
26%
7%
1%
1,637
Moderate
21%
22%
29%
22%
5%
< 1%
3,425
Liberal
21%
22%
27%
23%
6%
1%
4,151
Don't know
21%
27%
27%
19%
5%
< 1%
612
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who are…
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Political ideology
Men
Women
Sample size
Conservative
64%
36%
1,675
Moderate
60%
40%
3,491
Liberal
50%
50%
4,203
Don't know
57%
43%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Racial and ethnic composition among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who identify as…
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Political ideology
White
Black
Asian
Latino
Other/Mixed
Sample size
Conservative
65%
11%
7%
13%
4%
1,631
Moderate
67%
8%
9%
11%
5%
3,423
Liberal
69%
7%
8%
11%
5%
4,147
Don't know
62%
11%
8%
12%
7%
611
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Immigrant status among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who are…
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Political ideology
Immigrants
Second generation
Third generation or higher
Sample size
Conservative
17%
13%
70%
1,640
Moderate
15%
12%
73%
3,448
Liberal
16%
15%
69%
4,144
Don't know
17%
9%
74%
612
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Income distribution among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who have a household income of…
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Political ideology
Less than $30,000
$30,000-$49,999
$50,000-$99,999
$100,000 or more
Sample size
Conservative
37%
19%
26%
19%
1,458
Moderate
30%
20%
28%
22%
3,123
Liberal
29%
19%
26%
26%
3,839
Don't know
56%
17%
16%
12%
454
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who have completed…
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Political ideology
High school or less
Some college
College
Post-graduate degree
Sample size
Conservative
48%
31%
14%
7%
1,671
Moderate
34%
34%
19%
14%
3,478
Liberal
27%
30%
24%
19%
4,190
Don't know
55%
29%
10%
6%
631
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who are…
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Political ideology
Married
Living with a partner
Divorced/separated
Widowed
Never married
Sample size
Conservative
45%
10%
11%
3%
31%
1,658
Moderate
41%
10%
11%
3%
35%
3,476
Liberal
38%
12%
12%
3%
36%
4,184
Don't know
29%
9%
14%
3%
46%
635
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who are…
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Political ideology
Parents
Non-parents
Sample size
Conservative
30%
70%
1,671
Moderate
27%
73%
3,470
Liberal
24%
76%
4,196
Don't know
29%
71%
645
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in God among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who say they…
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Political ideology
Believe in God; absolutely certain
Believe in God; fairly certain
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain
Believe in God; don't know
Do not believe in God
Other/don't know if they believe in God
Sample size
Conservative
44%
22%
9%
1%
19%
5%
1,675
Moderate
29%
26%
12%
1%
26%
6%
3,491
Liberal
24%
20%
11%
1%
38%
6%
4,203
Don't know
40%
18%
9%
2%
23%
8%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who say religion is…
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Political ideology
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not at all important
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
28%
26%
21%
23%
2%
1,675
Moderate
16%
27%
26%
30%
1%
3,491
Liberal
13%
21%
24%
41%
1%
4,203
Don't know
24%
22%
19%
31%
3%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who attend religious services…
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Political ideology
At least once a week
Once or twice a month/a few times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
12%
30%
58%
< 1%
1,675
Moderate
8%
31%
61%
1%
3,491
Liberal
6%
25%
69%
< 1%
4,203
Don't know
10%
22%
64%
4%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who pray…
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Political ideology
At least daily
Weekly
Monthly
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
34%
12%
7%
47%
< 1%
1,675
Moderate
23%
13%
8%
56%
1%
3,491
Liberal
20%
10%
7%
62%
1%
4,203
Don't know
31%
11%
5%
49%
5%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who attend prayer group…
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Political ideology
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
12%
5%
7%
75%
1%
1,675
Moderate
6%
4%
6%
84%
< 1%
3,491
Liberal
5%
5%
4%
86%
< 1%
4,203
Don't know
9%
5%
6%
77%
3%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who meditate…
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Political ideology
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
31%
8%
3%
57%
2%
1,675
Moderate
27%
10%
6%
56%
1%
3,491
Liberal
32%
11%
6%
51%
1%
4,203
Don't know
29%
7%
3%
56%
6%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
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Political ideology
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
43%
14%
10%
31%
2%
1,675
Moderate
42%
16%
12%
29%
1%
3,491
Liberal
43%
17%
11%
27%
2%
4,203
Don't know
39%
11%
8%
34%
8%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
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Political ideology
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
45%
14%
11%
28%
2%
1,675
Moderate
46%
18%
14%
23%
1%
3,491
Liberal
52%
16%
13%
19%
1%
4,203
Don't know
42%
11%
9%
34%
4%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
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Political ideology
Religion
Philosophy/reason
Common sense
Science
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
15%
11%
60%
12%
3%
1,675
Moderate
8%
18%
57%
15%
2%
3,491
Liberal
6%
23%
50%
20%
2%
4,203
Don't know
14%
10%
58%
9%
8%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who say…
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Political ideology
There are clear standards for what is right and wrong
Right or wrong depends on the situation
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
31%
66%
2%
1%
1,675
Moderate
21%
78%
1%
< 1%
3,491
Liberal
14%
84%
1%
1%
4,203
Don't know
23%
69%
5%
3%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who read scripture…
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Political ideology
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
20%
7%
7%
65%
1%
1,675
Moderate
11%
7%
7%
75%
1%
3,491
Liberal
9%
6%
7%
78%
1%
4,203
Don't know
17%
5%
4%
70%
3%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who say the holy scripture is…
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Political ideology
Word of God; should be taken literally
Word of God; not everything taken literally
Word of God; other/don't know
Not the word of God
Other/don't know
Sample size
Conservative
19%
16%
2%
54%
9%
1,675
Moderate
8%
14%
1%
68%
8%
3,491
Liberal
6%
8%
< 1%
80%
5%
4,203
Don't know
17%
12%
3%
49%
19%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who …in heaven
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Table
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Political ideology
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Conservative
53%
36%
11%
1,675
Moderate
42%
47%
11%
3,491
Liberal
28%
64%
7%
4,203
Don't know
48%
36%
17%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Hell among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who …in hell
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Table
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Political ideology
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Conservative
41%
50%
9%
1,675
Moderate
30%
61%
9%
3,491
Liberal
18%
76%
6%
4,203
Don't know
38%
46%
16%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Party affiliation among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who identify as…
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Political ideology
Republican/lean Rep.
No lean
Democrat/lean Dem.
Sample size
Conservative
52%
19%
29%
1,675
Moderate
27%
23%
50%
3,491
Liberal
7%
14%
78%
4,203
Don't know
11%
67%
21%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who would rather have…
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Political ideology
Smaller government; fewer services
Bigger government; more services
Depends
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
64%
32%
2%
2%
1,675
Moderate
55%
38%
4%
4%
3,491
Liberal
28%
64%
4%
4%
4,203
Don't know
41%
41%
5%
13%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who say government aid to the poor…
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Political ideology
Does more harm than good
Does more good than harm
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
58%
36%
4%
2%
1,675
Moderate
39%
55%
4%
2%
3,491
Liberal
19%
77%
3%
2%
4,203
Don't know
38%
44%
8%
10%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who say abortion should be…
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Political ideology
Legal in all/most cases
Illegal in all/most cases
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
57%
37%
6%
1,675
Moderate
75%
22%
3%
3,491
Liberal
82%
15%
3%
4,203
Don't know
54%
31%
14%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who say homosexuality…
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Political ideology
Should be accepted
Should be discouraged
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
64%
28%
4%
4%
1,675
Moderate
84%
11%
3%
2%
3,491
Liberal
89%
8%
1%
1%
4,203
Don't know
65%
18%
8%
9%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who …same-sex marriage
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Table
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Political ideology
Strongly favor/favor
Oppose/strongly oppose
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
54%
37%
9%
1,675
Moderate
79%
16%
5%
3,491
Liberal
88%
9%
3%
4,203
Don't know
58%
22%
20%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who say…
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Political ideology
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
49%
45%
3%
3%
1,675
Moderate
27%
68%
3%
2%
3,491
Liberal
14%
83%
2%
2%
4,203
Don't know
32%
52%
4%
12%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among Non-Christians by political ideology
% of Non-Christians who say humans…
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Political ideology
Evolved; due to natural processes
Evolved; due to God's design
Evolved; don't know how
Always existed in present form
Don't know
Sample size
Conservative
45%
19%
4%
28%
4%
1,675
Moderate
62%
17%
5%
15%
2%
3,491
Liberal
72%
12%
4%
10%
2%
4,203
Don't know
37%
17%
11%
21%
13%
654
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.