Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Hell among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by religious group
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who …in hell
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Religious tradition
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Catholic
70%
23%
7%
4,775
Evangelical Protestant
84%
9%
7%
7,594
Historically Black Protestant
85%
10%
6%
1,694
Jehovah's Witness
7%
89%
3%
221
Jewish
45%
46%
9%
277
Mainline Protestant
69%
21%
10%
3,989
Mormon
64%
29%
7%
576
Muslim
82%
13%
5%
192
Orthodox Christian
71%
17%
12%
113
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")
53%
39%
8%
1,805
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Age distribution among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who are ages…
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Belief in Hell
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
Sample size
Believe
19%
34%
28%
19%
15,155
Don't believe
18%
32%
30%
21%
4,533
Other/don't know
11%
31%
32%
26%
1,736
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Generational cohort among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who are…
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Belief in Hell
Younger Millennial
Older Millennial
Generation X
Baby Boomer
Silent
Greatest
Sample size
Believe
12%
13%
29%
34%
12%
1%
15,155
Don't believe
11%
13%
27%
35%
13%
1%
4,533
Other/don't know
6%
9%
27%
38%
17%
3%
1,736
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who are…
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Belief in Hell
Men
Women
Sample size
Believe
45%
55%
15,458
Don't believe
40%
60%
4,636
Other/don't know
41%
59%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Racial and ethnic composition among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who identify as…
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Belief in Hell
White
Black
Asian
Latino
Other/Mixed
Sample size
Believe
64%
16%
2%
13%
4%
15,265
Don't believe
63%
12%
3%
17%
4%
4,549
Other/don't know
66%
12%
3%
13%
5%
1,745
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Immigrant status among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who are…
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Belief in Hell
Immigrants
Second generation
Third generation or higher
Sample size
Believe
12%
8%
80%
15,248
Don't believe
16%
12%
72%
4,582
Other/don't know
13%
8%
78%
1,784
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Income distribution among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who have a household income of…
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Belief in Hell
Less than $30,000
$30,000-$49,999
$50,000-$99,999
$100,000 or more
Sample size
Believe
37%
22%
26%
15%
13,415
Don't believe
34%
21%
27%
18%
4,033
Other/don't know
39%
17%
27%
17%
1,422
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who have completed…
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Belief in Hell
High school or less
Some college
College
Post-graduate degree
Sample size
Believe
44%
34%
14%
8%
15,376
Don't believe
39%
31%
17%
13%
4,602
Other/don't know
41%
30%
18%
11%
1,794
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who are…
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Belief in Hell
Married
Living with a partner
Divorced/separated
Widowed
Never married
Sample size
Believe
52%
5%
14%
8%
22%
15,398
Don't believe
50%
7%
14%
8%
21%
4,614
Other/don't know
51%
6%
15%
10%
18%
1,792
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who are…
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Belief in Hell
Parents
Non-parents
Sample size
Believe
31%
69%
15,401
Don't believe
28%
72%
4,627
Other/don't know
26%
74%
1,791
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say religion is…
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Belief in Hell
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not at all important
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
78%
18%
2%
1%
< 1%
15,458
Don't believe
58%
27%
7%
6%
1%
4,636
Other/don't know
73%
18%
3%
3%
2%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Attendance at religious services among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who attend religious services…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month/a few times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
53%
32%
14%
< 1%
15,458
Don't believe
36%
37%
27%
< 1%
4,636
Other/don't know
46%
31%
21%
2%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who pray…
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Belief in Hell
At least daily
Weekly
Monthly
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
77%
15%
3%
4%
1%
15,458
Don't believe
65%
17%
5%
12%
1%
4,636
Other/don't know
75%
14%
3%
5%
3%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who attend prayer group…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
38%
12%
10%
39%
1%
15,458
Don't believe
25%
9%
9%
57%
1%
4,636
Other/don't know
32%
9%
9%
48%
1%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who meditate…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
48%
7%
3%
40%
2%
15,458
Don't believe
50%
8%
4%
36%
2%
4,636
Other/don't know
50%
7%
4%
34%
4%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
72%
13%
7%
7%
1%
15,458
Don't believe
67%
14%
9%
10%
1%
4,636
Other/don't know
72%
11%
6%
9%
2%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
45%
16%
11%
26%
2%
15,458
Don't believe
51%
14%
11%
23%
1%
4,636
Other/don't know
51%
14%
10%
22%
3%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
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Belief in Hell
Religion
Philosophy/reason
Common sense
Science
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
52%
6%
36%
4%
2%
15,458
Don't believe
29%
12%
48%
8%
3%
4,636
Other/don't know
43%
8%
39%
4%
7%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say…
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Belief in Hell
There are clear standards for what is right and wrong
Right or wrong depends on the situation
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
43%
55%
1%
1%
15,458
Don't believe
30%
67%
1%
1%
4,636
Other/don't know
37%
58%
3%
3%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who read scripture…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
54%
12%
9%
25%
1%
15,458
Don't believe
36%
12%
8%
43%
1%
4,636
Other/don't know
48%
12%
7%
31%
2%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say the holy scripture is…
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Belief in Hell
Word of God; should be taken literally
Word of God; not everything taken literally
Word of God; other/don't know
Not the word of God
Other/don't know
Sample size
Believe
49%
33%
4%
9%
5%
15,458
Don't believe
23%
32%
2%
33%
9%
4,636
Other/don't know
34%
28%
7%
15%
15%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who …in heaven
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Belief in Hell
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Believe
95%
2%
3%
15,458
Don't believe
65%
29%
6%
4,636
Other/don't know
60%
3%
37%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Party affiliation among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who identify as…
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Belief in Hell
Republican/lean Rep.
No lean
Democrat/lean Dem.
Sample size
Believe
47%
16%
38%
15,458
Don't believe
31%
24%
44%
4,636
Other/don't know
40%
23%
37%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who are…
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Belief in Hell
Conservative
Moderate
Liberal
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
49%
30%
15%
6%
15,458
Don't believe
30%
34%
27%
9%
4,636
Other/don't know
42%
31%
16%
11%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who would rather have…
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Belief in Hell
Smaller government; fewer services
Bigger government; more services
Depends
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
56%
39%
3%
3%
15,458
Don't believe
50%
42%
3%
4%
4,636
Other/don't know
53%
33%
6%
7%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say government aid to the poor…
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Belief in Hell
Does more harm than good
Does more good than harm
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
51%
43%
4%
2%
15,458
Don't believe
41%
53%
3%
2%
4,636
Other/don't know
44%
43%
8%
6%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say abortion should be…
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Belief in Hell
Legal in all/most cases
Illegal in all/most cases
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
38%
58%
4%
15,458
Don't believe
58%
37%
4%
4,636
Other/don't know
40%
49%
11%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say homosexuality…
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Belief in Hell
Should be accepted
Should be discouraged
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
46%
46%
4%
4%
15,458
Don't believe
68%
25%
4%
4%
4,636
Other/don't know
49%
34%
8%
9%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who …same-sex marriage
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Belief in Hell
Strongly favor/favor
Oppose/strongly oppose
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
35%
57%
7%
15,458
Don't believe
60%
32%
8%
4,636
Other/don't know
41%
44%
16%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say…
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Belief in Hell
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
45%
50%
2%
3%
15,458
Don't believe
35%
59%
3%
4%
4,636
Other/don't know
40%
46%
5%
8%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among adults who believe in God with absolute certainty by belief in hell
% of adults who believe in God with absolute certainty who say humans…
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Belief in Hell
Evolved; due to natural processes
Evolved; due to God's design
Evolved; don't know how
Always existed in present form
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
14%
30%
2%
49%
5%
15,458
Don't believe
27%
30%
5%
34%
5%
4,636
Other/don't know
14%
27%
8%
39%
12%
1,810
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.