Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Hell among adults who attend services weekly or more by religious group
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who …in hell
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Religious tradition
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Catholic
71%
21%
8%
3,092
Evangelical Protestant
86%
7%
7%
5,177
Historically Black Protestant
86%
9%
5%
1,070
Jehovah's Witness
5%
92%
3%
207
Jewish
42%
51%
7%
148
Mainline Protestant
68%
22%
10%
2,192
Mormon
61%
31%
8%
514
Muslim
86%
10%
3%
105
Unaffiliated (religious "nones")
58%
33%
9%
284
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Age distribution among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who are ages…
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Belief in Hell
18-29
30-49
50-64
65+
Sample size
Believe
17%
32%
28%
23%
9,386
Don't believe
16%
30%
28%
26%
2,404
Other/don't know
10%
29%
28%
32%
1,053
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Generational cohort among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who are…
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Belief in Hell
Younger Millennial
Older Millennial
Generation X
Baby Boomer
Silent
Greatest
Sample size
Believe
12%
11%
27%
33%
16%
1%
9,386
Don't believe
10%
11%
25%
35%
17%
2%
2,404
Other/don't know
5%
9%
26%
34%
23%
4%
1,053
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Gender composition among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who are…
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Belief in Hell
Men
Women
Sample size
Believe
44%
56%
9,590
Don't believe
39%
61%
2,467
Other/don't know
41%
59%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Racial and ethnic composition among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who identify as…
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Belief in Hell
White
Black
Asian
Latino
Other/Mixed
Sample size
Believe
62%
16%
2%
15%
3%
9,462
Don't believe
62%
11%
4%
19%
4%
2,422
Other/don't know
67%
11%
3%
15%
4%
1,074
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Immigrant status among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who are…
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Belief in Hell
Immigrants
Second generation
Third generation or higher
Sample size
Believe
15%
8%
77%
9,471
Don't believe
21%
11%
67%
2,435
Other/don't know
16%
8%
76%
1,082
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Income distribution among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who have a household income of…
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Belief in Hell
Less than $30,000
$30,000-$49,999
$50,000-$99,999
$100,000 or more
Sample size
Believe
35%
22%
28%
15%
8,185
Don't believe
34%
20%
27%
20%
2,108
Other/don't know
38%
15%
30%
17%
858
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Educational distribution among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who have completed…
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Belief in Hell
High school or less
Some college
College
Post-graduate degree
Sample size
Believe
43%
32%
16%
9%
9,535
Don't believe
39%
26%
18%
17%
2,452
Other/don't know
38%
25%
21%
16%
1,087
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Marital status among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who are…
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Belief in Hell
Married
Living with a partner
Divorced/separated
Widowed
Never married
Sample size
Believe
57%
3%
11%
8%
20%
9,552
Don't believe
58%
4%
12%
8%
18%
2,453
Other/don't know
59%
4%
12%
12%
13%
1,089
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Parent of children under 18 among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who are…
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Belief in Hell
Parents
Non-parents
Sample size
Believe
31%
69%
9,552
Don't believe
29%
71%
2,458
Other/don't know
30%
70%
1,087
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in God among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who say they…
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Belief in Hell
Believe in God; absolutely certain
Believe in God; fairly certain
Believe in God; not too/not at all certain
Believe in God; don't know
Do not believe in God
Other/don't know if they believe in God
Sample size
Believe
90%
8%
1%
1%
< 1%
< 1%
9,590
Don't believe
72%
20%
3%
1%
3%
1%
2,467
Other/don't know
81%
14%
2%
2%
< 1%
1%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Importance of religion in one's life among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who say religion is…
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Belief in Hell
Very important
Somewhat important
Not too important
Not at all important
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
91%
7%
< 1%
< 1%
< 1%
9,590
Don't believe
79%
16%
3%
1%
1%
2,467
Other/don't know
89%
9%
1%
< 1%
1%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of prayer among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who pray…
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Belief in Hell
At least daily
Weekly
Monthly
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
86%
11%
1%
2%
1%
9,590
Don't believe
75%
15%
3%
6%
1%
2,467
Other/don't know
83%
11%
1%
3%
2%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of participation in prayer, scripture study or religious education groups among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who attend prayer group…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
60%
14%
8%
18%
1%
9,590
Don't believe
50%
11%
9%
28%
1%
2,467
Other/don't know
53%
11%
8%
26%
2%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of meditation among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who meditate…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
57%
7%
3%
31%
2%
9,590
Don't believe
58%
8%
3%
29%
2%
2,467
Other/don't know
60%
5%
3%
26%
5%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling spiritual peace and wellbeing among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who feel a sense of spiritual peace and wellbeing…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
81%
10%
4%
4%
1%
9,590
Don't believe
74%
12%
6%
6%
2%
2,467
Other/don't know
78%
9%
5%
5%
3%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of feeling wonder about the universe among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who feel a sense of wonder about the universe…
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
49%
17%
10%
22%
2%
9,590
Don't believe
55%
14%
10%
18%
2%
2,467
Other/don't know
53%
12%
11%
21%
4%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Sources of guidance on right and wrong among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who say they look to…most for guidance on right and wrong
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Belief in Hell
Religion
Philosophy/reason
Common sense
Science
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
65%
4%
25%
3%
2%
9,590
Don't believe
44%
10%
35%
7%
3%
2,467
Other/don't know
57%
6%
26%
4%
7%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in absolute standards for right and wrong among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who say…
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Belief in Hell
There are clear standards for what is right and wrong
Right or wrong depends on the situation
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
48%
49%
1%
1%
9,590
Don't believe
35%
62%
2%
2%
2,467
Other/don't know
43%
53%
2%
2%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Frequency of reading scripture among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who read scripture…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
At least once a week
Once or twice a month
Several times a year
Seldom/never
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
72%
10%
5%
12%
1%
9,590
Don't believe
59%
11%
6%
23%
1%
2,467
Other/don't know
67%
10%
4%
16%
2%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Interpreting scripture among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who say the holy scripture is…
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Belief in Hell
Word of God; should be taken literally
Word of God; not everything taken literally
Word of God; other/don't know
Not the word of God
Other/don't know
Sample size
Believe
58%
30%
4%
5%
3%
9,590
Don't believe
30%
36%
3%
24%
8%
2,467
Other/don't know
38%
31%
8%
10%
13%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Belief in Heaven among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who …in heaven
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Believe
Don't believe
Other/don't know
Sample size
Believe
94%
2%
3%
9,590
Don't believe
67%
26%
7%
2,467
Other/don't know
61%
4%
35%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Party affiliation among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who identify as…
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Belief in Hell
Republican/lean Rep.
No lean
Democrat/lean Dem.
Sample size
Believe
50%
14%
35%
9,590
Don't believe
31%
27%
42%
2,467
Other/don't know
42%
21%
36%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Political ideology among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who are…
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Belief in Hell
Conservative
Moderate
Liberal
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
55%
28%
13%
5%
9,590
Don't believe
33%
32%
24%
11%
2,467
Other/don't know
46%
30%
14%
10%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about size of government among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who would rather have…
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Belief in Hell
Smaller government; fewer services
Bigger government; more services
Depends
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
57%
37%
2%
3%
9,590
Don't believe
47%
45%
3%
5%
2,467
Other/don't know
55%
33%
6%
6%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about government aid to the poor among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who say government aid to the poor…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Does more harm than good
Does more good than harm
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
52%
42%
4%
2%
9,590
Don't believe
39%
55%
4%
2%
2,467
Other/don't know
44%
42%
8%
6%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about abortion among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who say abortion should be…
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Belief in Hell
Legal in all/most cases
Illegal in all/most cases
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
29%
67%
4%
9,590
Don't believe
47%
48%
5%
2,467
Other/don't know
33%
56%
10%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about homosexuality among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who say homosexuality…
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Should be accepted
Should be discouraged
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
36%
56%
5%
4%
9,590
Don't believe
59%
33%
4%
3%
2,467
Other/don't know
42%
40%
8%
10%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about same-sex marriage among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who …same-sex marriage
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Table
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Belief in Hell
Strongly favor/favor
Oppose/strongly oppose
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
26%
68%
6%
9,590
Don't believe
52%
39%
9%
2,467
Other/don't know
32%
52%
16%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about environmental regulation among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who say…
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Belief in Hell
Stricter environmental laws and regulations cost too many jobs and hurt the economy
Stricter environmental laws and regulations are worth the cost
Neither/both equally
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
47%
48%
2%
3%
9,590
Don't believe
33%
60%
3%
4%
2,467
Other/don't know
40%
46%
6%
8%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.
Views about human evolution among adults who attend services weekly or more by belief in hell
% of adults who attend services weekly or more who say humans…
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Belief in Hell
Evolved; due to natural processes
Evolved; due to God's design
Evolved; don't know how
Always existed in present form
Don't know
Sample size
Believe
11%
27%
2%
56%
5%
9,590
Don't believe
23%
27%
4%
41%
5%
2,467
Other/don't know
11%
24%
7%
45%
13%
1,098
Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire.