This report was produced by Pew Research Center as part of the Pew-Templeton Global Religious Futures project, which analyzes religious change and its impact on societies around the world. Funding for the Global Religious Futures project comes from The Pew Charitable Trusts and the John Templeton Foundation.
This report is a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis of the following individuals:
Primary Researchers
Conrad Hackett, Associate Director of Research and Senior Demographer
Phillip Connor, Senior Researcher
Marcin Stonawski, Project Leader, Religion-Education-Demography Project, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA); Department of Demography, Cracow University of Economics
Michaela Potančoková, Research Scholar, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA)
Research Team
Alan Cooperman, Director of Religion Research
Anne Fengyan Shi, Senior Researcher
Stephanie Kramer, Research Associate
Joey Marshall, Research Associate
Ariana Monique Salazar, Research Analyst
Juan Carlos Esparza Ochoa, Data Manager
Editorial and Graphic Design
Michael Lipka, Senior Editor
Aleksandra Sandstrom, Copy Editor
Bill Webster, Information Graphics Designer
Communications and Web Publishing
Stacy Rosenberg, Associate Director, Digital
Travis Mitchell, Digital Producer
Anna Schiller, Communications Manager
Jessica Pumphrey, Communications Associate
Others at Pew Research Center who gave valuable feedback on this report include Vice President of Global Strategy James Bell, Director of Hispanic Research Mark Hugo Lopez, Senior Demographer Jeffrey Passel, Senior Writer and Editor D’Vera Cohn and Senior Research Methodologist Steve Schwarzer. Former Pew Research Center staff members also contributed to this report: Research Associate David McClendon and Senior Writer and Editor Geneive Abdo.
We received helpful advice and feedback on German data from Matthias Koenig, professor of sociology at the University of Göttingen. We are grateful to the Institut Montaigne for sharing their 2016 survey of French Muslims and answering questions about this survey. Our frequent collaborator Vegard Skirbekk, Professor at Columbia University and Senior Researcher at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, provided helpful feedback on a draft of this report.
We are indebted to Guy Abel, professor at Shanghai University’s Asian Demographic Research Institute, who constructed the country-level migration flow data, which after adjustment by Pew Research Center researchers were used to estimate non-asylum seeker (“regular”) migration flows to Europe.
