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Home Research Topics Immigration & Migration Immigration Issues Unauthorized Immigration
Pew Research CenterNovember 8, 2019
Europe’s Unauthorized Immigrant Population Peaks in 2016, Then Levels Off

Estimated unauthorized immigrant population by country, with and without waiting asylum seekers, 2014-2017

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Estimated unauthorized immigrant population by country, with and without waiting asylum seekers, 2014-2017

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Europe’s Unauthorized Immigrant Population Peaks in 2016, Then Levels Off
Europe’s unauthorized immigrant total peaked in 2016 before leveling off
Unauthorized immigrants in Europe account for nearly one-in-five non-EU-EFTA citizens
More than two-thirds of Europe’s unauthorized immigrants in 2017 lived in Germany, the UK, Italy and France
Authorized immigrants outnumbered unauthorized immigrants in Europe in 2017
Many nationalities make up the unauthorized immigrant population in Europe
Most unauthorized immigrants in Europe have had short periods of residence
European unauthorized immigrant population estimates with waiting asylum seekers, 2014-2017
European unauthorized immigrant population estimates without waiting asylum seekers, 2014-2017
Europe’s estimated unauthorized immigrant population with and without waiting asylum seekers, 2014-2017
Estimated unauthorized immigrant population by country, with and without waiting asylum seekers, 2014-2017
Other EU-EFTA countries’ estimated unauthorized immigrant population with and without asylum seekers
Methods used for estimating unauthorized immigrant populations, by country
Countries with unauthorized immigrant population estimates based on the residual method
Countries with unauthorized immigrant population estimates based on the proportional ratio method
More than half of unauthorized immigrants in Europe are male and most unauthorized immigrants are relatively young
Number of unauthorized immigrants since 2014 is up in several European countries

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